Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor used in therapeutic combinations with the penicillin-type antibiotics. During the fermentation leading to clavulanic acid, a succinyl L-tyrosine by-product is unavoidably formed. Occasionally, the amount of this by-product is found to be as high as 2% of the product even after standard purification operations. To further remove this impurity, we prepar

BACKGROUND: In the last 15 y there has been a tremendous increase in the number of studies on pediatric obesity looking at epidemiology, health-related risks, etiology, methodology and treatment. During the early 1990s, the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) was born as a group of scientists' expert in the field of pediatric obesity. ECOG this year celebrates the approach to early maturity wi

Resistivity imaging in combination with borehole information is a powerful tool for site investigation. We show that the combination of 1D laterally constrained inversion (1D-LCI) with the use of a priori information from borehole data and 2D smooth inversion adds significant value to the interpretation of continuous vertical electrical sounding (CVES) data. The ID-LCI offers an analysis of the re

Having shown how Construction NOM and Construction PROP differ, I demonstrate that the subject of Construction PROP is clausal. I argue that the topmost XP of the subject phrase of both constructions contains a null neuter element. This accounts for the neuter predicative agreement; hence the idea of default agreement or semantic agreement can be dismissed. I also argue that the subject in (ii) co

The two-photon spectrum of the 2(1)A(g)-->1(1)A(g) transition in trans-stilbene has been calculated at the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) level of theory. Energies were obtained at the complete active space second-order perturbation (CASPT2) level of theory, while the geometries of both the initial and final states were optimized at the CASSCF level. The energy and the geomet

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered incurable. Intensive immunochemotherapy with stem cell support has not been tested in large, prospective series. In the 2nd Nordic MCL trial, we treated 160 consecutive, untreated patients younger than 66 years in a phase 2 protocol with dose-intensified induction immunochemotherapy with rituximab (R) + cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone

Some of Maurice Jacob's contributions to the European physics community are described, by giving examples of his great achievements. I have come to the conclusion that his success depended on his far-reaching vision, his ability to define the goals and to find realistic solutions for realizing them. He was a trustworthy partner in negotiations due to his outstanding breath of knowledge, his high s

Observations based on overexpression of the suppressor gene p53 or interference with endogenous p53 support a role for p53 in mediating not only growth inhibition and apoptosis but also differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of p53-dependent differentiation in the monoblastic leukemia cell line U-937. These cells were transfected with a mutant of the p53 gene exp

The present paper argues that there is both a positive and a negative form of perfectionism, and that they can be differentiated in terms of acceptance. The basic argument is that there is nothing unhealthy or dysfunctional about the striving for perfection as such—perfectionism, however, becomes dysfunctional when this striving for perfection turns into a demand for perfection, defined as an inab

Orexins are neuropeptides selectively expressed in a small number of neurons in the lateral–posterior hypothalamus. We measured orexin-A in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 66 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia and adjustment disorder after a suicide attempt. Blood samples confirmed that the patients were free from antidepressive and neuroleptic medication at the time of the

A new heterosporous fern species, Azolla boliviensis sp. nov., is described from latest Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) to Paleocene (earliest Palaeogene) terrestrial sediments of the Eslabon and Flora Formations. Subandean belt, Bolivia. The species is represented by dissociated but abundantly co-preserved megasporocarps, megaspores, microsporangia, massulae and microspores. The genus consisten

To reduce the number of injections needed to comply with paediatric vaccination requirements, a liquid, hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-PRP-T-HBs; Hexavac((R)); Aventis Pasteur MSD) has been developed for primary and booster vaccination of infants and toddlers. In extensive clinical studies, Hexavac((R)) has been shown to be highly immunogenic. Seroconversion or seroprotective titres of antibodies ag

Abnormalities of micturition occur in many different diseases, have a variety of causes and take several forms. This review will focus exclusively on those abnormalities in which antidiuretic therapy may be of benefit. These conditions are primarily characterized by an increase in the total amount of urine produced (polyuria) or a circadian shift in the control of urine production and/or voiding (

An experiment designed to test the effects of different forms of training in a visual-search-like task is reported. Observers were presented with a series of displays containing a central letter and a ring of peripheral characters, one of which was a digit. Odd digits (catch trials) required a space-bar response; even digits required a different response contingent on the identity of the central l

It is well established that the mechanical environment modulates tissue differentiation, and a number of mechanoregulatory theories for describing the process have been proposed. In this study, simulations of an in vivo bone chamber experiment were performed that allowed direct comparison with experimental data. A mechanoregulation theory for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation based on a combin

This paper presents a practical method for finding the provably globally optimal solution to numerous problems in projective geometry including multiview triangulation, camera resectioning and hemography estimation. Unlike traditional methods which may get trapped in local minima due to the non-convex nature of these problems, this approach provides a theoretical guarantee of global optimality. Th