The Energy using products (EuP) directive proposed by the European Commission is often referred to as "the first Integrated Product Policy (IPP) directive". The main purpose of the directive is to ensure the free movement of EuP in the internal market as well as to improve the environmental performance of products throughout their life cycle. Product groups likely to be addressed through the direc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Effektiv sökning och sortering är byggstenar som används vid nästan all algoritmdesign. Sökrutiner och sorteringrutiner implementeras ofta slentrianmässigt med hjälp av algoritmer som bygger på parvisa jämförelser mellan element. I denna avhandling argumenterar vi för att algoritmer som också utnyttjar elementens interna struktur är överlägsna i många avseenden, både prEfficient sorting and searching are corner-stones in algorithm design. In computer science it has become a deep-rooted habit to use comparison-based methods to solve these problems. In this thesis we argue that radix sorting and searching algorithms are superior in many respects, both practical and theoretical. They are often remarkably simple and many, if not most, sorting and searching problems

The problem of burst losses in OBS networks has an impact on the service quality perceived by end users. In order to guarantee certain level of Service Quality (QoS) in terms of burst losses, wavelength resources have to be dimensioned properly. In this paper, we address the problem of the Virtual Topology (VT) design that concerns the establishment of explicit routing paths and the allocation of

I denna uppsats gör jag två saker. För det första ger jag en kortfattad beskrivning över kasussammanfallet i fornsvenska. För det andra diskuterar jag orsakerna till kasussammanfallet. Jag identifierar två viktiga tidsperioder då kasussystemet förändras. Den första inträffar kring 1300 och den andra kring 1450, åtminstone i Mälardalen. Jag kallar den första för Lilla katastrofen och den andra för

This textbook studies the 3 main types of coded modulation: trellis-coded modulation (TCM), continuous-phase modulation (CPM) codes, and linear modulation codes like those that arise from filtering and intersymbol interference. In 2 final chapters, code-division multiple-access receivers are discussed. The book begins with a review of coding, modulation and information theory.

In this paper, we propose to perform remote laser-induced fluorescence imaging for assessment of cultural heritage. The experiments are performed using the lidar system consist of frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm with a spot size of ~4 cm diameter and the signal is collected using a coaxial 40-cm-diameter Newtonian telescope. The fluorescence light is focused into an optical fibre and guid

Abstract in Undetermined Packaging is of particular importance to retailers, since it can be considered an integral part of the product and the first point of contact with the brand (Rundh 2005). Over 73% of interviewed consumers rely on packaging to aid their purchasing decisions (Wells et al. 2007), and retailers are the ‘gatekeepers’ to the consumers (Dobson et al. 2003) via the retail stores,

This paper offers an analysis of a case of cooperation, and in particular cooperation problems, between independent performing arts organisations in the region of Skåne, Sweden. The cooperation in question flows from visions of the organisations, and linked regional commission to develop the infrastructure and networks of the independent performing arts in Skåne. The case gives evidence of the cha

Popular Abstract in Swedish Läpp- käk- gomspalt (LKG-spalt) förekommer hos cirka 200 nyfödda barn per år i Sverige. Det finns idag inte belägg för någon specifik faktor som orsakar LKG-spalten. Utan en adekvat habilitering som bl.a. innehåller kirurgi, tandreglering och talbehandling skulle barnen få funktionella och utseendemässiga problem som skulle leda till en försämrad livskvalite. UtvecklinBody dimensions of 2,936 newborns with cleft lip/palate (CLP) were compared with 2,031,140 singleton newborns between 1973 to 1992. The risk of cleft development was found to be associated with intra-uterine growth retardation - the more severe the cleft, the stronger the association. As digital photography is being increasingly applied in clinical medicine, we devised a computer software program

Den här boken utforskar butiken som plats för social och kulturell interaktion. Butiken och detaljhandeln står idag inför en rad nya utmaningar som handlar om ökad mobilitet, stordriftsutveckling, etik, mångfald och konsumentinflytande. Butiken har också blivit ett viktigt varumärke där upplevelser betonas alltmer. Vi köper inte längre bara en vara, utan även en upplevelse, en identitet eller en l

Osteoporosis has been the subject of a rapid growth in research over the past twenty years. Papers describing recent advances are published in a wide range of journals, reflecting the diversity of clinical and research specialties that are concerned with this disease. The editors of this volume have brought together a multi-disciplinary team to select and critically appraise the important publicat

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen beskriver utvecklingen i det EG- rättsliga lagstiftningsarbetet om könsjämlikhet under perioden 1957-1997. Utifrån postmodern feministisk teori och poststrukturell lingvistisk metod görs sedan en kritisk argumentationsanalys av EG-domstolens tolkningar av lagstiftningen. Analysen blottlägger domstolens cirkelresonemang och visar hur den lagstiftning som i eThe thesis describes the development of the enactment of European Community Law in the field of sexual equality during the period of 1957-1997. With post-modern feminist theory as its point of departure, and with post-structuralist linguistics as method, it then analyses the argumentation of the EC Court of Justice in its interpretation of EC legislation during the same period. My aim is to examin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Xantofyll cykeln, dens enzym, pigment och regleringThe xanthophyll cycle involves the light-dependent and reversible conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin has been implicated in the protection of the photosynthetic machinery from over-excitation. The enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase catalyses the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin. The enzyme is located in the thylakoid lumen and its activity is strictly pH controlled. Apart f