Microhabitat conditions determine the magnitude and speed of microbial processes but have been challenging to investigate. In this study we used microfluidic devices to determine the effect of the spatial distortion of a pore space on fungal and bacterial growth, interactions, and substrate degradation. The devices contained channels differing in bending angles and order. Sharper angles reduced fu

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. The main aim was to explore the associations between MMP-14 and selected inflammatory and metabolic variables, CVD, depression, physical activity, smoking and medication in patients with T1D. The secondary aim was

Background: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the relationship between short-term bronchodilator reversibility and longer-term response to bronchodilators is unclear. Here, we investigated whether the efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators is associated with reversibility of airflow limitation in patients with COPD with a low exacerbation risk not receiving inhaled co

This update of the Cromer (CROM) blood group system (Storry JR, Reid ME, Yazer MH. The Cromer blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:109–17) includes additional variants to the Cromer system (ISBT021), both new antigens and new molecular bases underlying the null phenotype. The molecule on which the Cromer blood group antigens are carried, CD55 (DAF), is an important receptor for t

Natural sounds, and bird song in particular, play a key role in building and maintaining our connection with nature, but widespread declines in bird populations mean that the acoustic properties of natural soundscapes may be changing. Using data-driven reconstructions of soundscapes in lieu of historical recordings, here we quantify changes in soundscape characteristics at more than 200,000 sites

Neural asymmetries of the bilateral parts of the nervous system are found throughout the animal kingdom. The relative low complexity and experimental accessibility of the insect nervous system makes it well suited for studying the functions of neural asymmetries and their underlying mechanisms. Recent findings in insects reveal hardwired asymmetries in their peripheral and central nervous systems,

Ruptures to tendons are common and costly, and no clinical consensus exists on the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation regimen to promote their healing as well as full recovery of functionality. Although mechanobiology is known to play an important role in tendon regeneration, the understanding of how mechano-regulated processes affect tendon healing needs further clarification. Many small-an

Formaldehyde and formate reduced process for preparation of a di, tri or polyalcohol from formaldehyde and a second aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. The process comprises an aldol condensation yielding a methylolaldehyde and a subsequent crossed Cannizzaro reaction yielding said di, tri or polyalcohol and formate. The Cannizzaro reaction comprises reacting said methylolaldehyde wi

Far from being hardwired to flee fire, some animals use it to their own ends, helping us understand our own pyrocognition

Ferdinand Tönnies sociologi är en ursociologi – för att inte säga själva ursociologin. Hans sociologi börjar och slutar med begreppen Gemeinschaft och Gesellschaft, ungefär gemenskap och samhälle. Det är begrepp som allt sedan den tidiga sociologin varit grundläggande för disciplinens utveckling. Det är också begrepp som är djupt rotade i erfarenheten av att vara en modern människa, erfarenheten a

Sociologi är läran om samhället, om människan som social varelse, om hur individen relaterar till sig själv och till andra. Sociologin analyserar hur och på vilka villkor människan formar samhället och omvänt hur samhället och gruppen formar människan i tid och rum. Under 1800-talet utmejslades sociologin först som allmänt ämne och så småningom som en vetenskaplig disciplin vid universiteten med s

Charlotte Perkins Gilman var en amerikansk författare, föreläsare ochdebattör. Hon är känd för att ha utarbetat en begreppsapparat kringdet vi i dag kallar genus, men hennes sociologi innefattar även ekonomisksociologi och kultursociologi. Hon vigde sitt liv åt offentlig sociologi,att göra sociologisk kunskap tillgänglig för allmänheten och varaen stark röst i det dåtida intellektuella samtalet i

Människan gör samhället – formar, utvecklar, bevarar. Men samhället gör också människan – människan formas och utvecklas i och genom samhället. Detta är den klassiska sociologins stora insikt. Sociologins klassiker – upptäckter och återupptäckter presenterar tjugotvå sociologiska tänkare som med stor spännvidd varierar denna grundläggande sociologiska insikt som i dag äger större giltighet än någo

Fossil fuel subsidy reform is a sensible climate change mitigation option, yet government support for fossil fuel production and consumption remains high. International efforts to phase out fossil fuel subsidies can be strengthened by distinguishing between different subsidies, taking into account their climate impacts and the feasibility of reform.

• Climate finance coordination challenges reflect political differences, including divergent interests among ministries involved in the governance of multilateral climate funds.• Differences in the histories and governance of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and Green Climate Fund (GCF) – two key multilateral climate funds – shape debate on their respective advantages and future roles.• The mult

Auguste Comte var inflytelserik i stora delar av världen under 1800- talet och hans bidrag till sociologin är större än vad som i dag vanligen erkänns. Han var den förste som samtidigt tog samhället som studie- objekt och krävde systematiska empiriska studier av sociala fenomen. Influerad av dåtidens naturvetenskapliga syn på objektivitet, rationa- lism, orsak och verkan introducerade han idén om