The global environment suffers from utilizing fossil fuels to powering internal combustion engines (ICE), due to the massive amounts of released CO2. Besides the global impact, the local environments experience high concentrations of harmful pollutants such as NOx, CO, soot and particulate matter (PM). The automotive industry is continuously striving to find new solutions to decrease fuel consumpt

We examine the construction of electromagnetism in its current form, and in an alternative form, from a point of view that combines a minimal realism with strict rational demands. We begin by discussing the requests of reason when constructing a theory and next, we follow the historical development as presented in the record of original publications, the underlying epistemology (often explained by

The return of individual birds to an exact area in successional years is a remarkable phenomenon. Here we report on the remarkably reversed: the complete absence of returning individuals of a migratory passerine with otherwise pronounced philopatry. In Abisko in northern Sweden none of the banded adult willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) returned to breed 2011-14. This is in stark contrast to

Location is everything and the geographical distribution of populations will make them differentially affected by global warming. Sweden’s north to south orientation presents a great frame for studying the effect of latitudinal climate change. We present a long-term study on the migratory behaviour of two populations of Willow Warbler subspecies (southern Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and north

Birds, and especially long-distance migrants, are excellent indicators of climate-induced phenological change. Advanced spring arrival is a typical response reported in a great number of species. Earlier arrival can lead to e.g. earlier egg-laying and thus have potentially great fitness consequences. Studies have suggested that certain aspects of avian life-history can predict a likely response to

Only in primates is permanent male-female association the most widespread social structure of all. The continuous presence of resident males in the social group can have significant impacts on female fitness, both in forms of costs and benefits. In this study I investigate particular short-term benefits and costs of resident males to females in a population of ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus).

The ability to recognize emotions undergoes major developmental changes from infancy to adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, and declining with aging. A life span approach to emotion recognition is lacking in the auditory domain, and it remains unclear how the speaker’s and listener’s ages interact in the context of decoding vocal emotions. Here, we examined age-related differences in vocal em

Objective: To determine the nationwide prevalence of primary dystonia, ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in Sweden. Methods: We extracted data on all patients who were registered in The National Patient Register (NPR) in Sweden (population 9.64 million) at least twice during five consecutive years with a diagnosis of primary dystonia, ataxia or HSP. We excluded patients with an additi

As a result of an increasing number of bacteria developing resistance against antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attracting significant interest, particularly in relation to identification of peptides displaying potent but selective effects. Much less focus has been placed on delivery systems for AMPs, despite AMPs suffering from delivery challenges related to their size, cationicity,

Mnemonic discrimination, the ability to distinguish similar events in memory, relies on subregions in the human medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Tau pathology is frequently found within the MTL of older adults and therefore likely to affect mnemonic discrimination, even in healthy older individuals. The MTL subregions that are known to be affected early by tau pathology, the perirhinal-transentorhina

Study region: Rukarara River Watershed (RRW), Rwanda. Study focus: DOC leaching has important environmental consequences for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This paper measures leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) and the factors controlling its variation in the RRW, a mixed agriculture and forest watershed in Rwanda. The study describes the relationship of LDOC with land use/land cove

OBJECTIVE: To explore stroke survivors' experiences of healthcare-related facilitators and barriers concerning return to work after stroke. DESIGN: A qualitative study. SETTING: Outpatient stroke rehabilitation unit at a University Hospital in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A convenient sample of 20 persons admitted to Skåne University Hospital for acute stroke care (median age 52 years), in emplo

The incidence of stroke and dementia are diverging across the world, rising for those in low-and middle-income countries and falling in those in high-income countries. This suggests that whatever factors cause these trends are potentially modifiable. At the population level, neurological disorders as a group account for the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years globally (10%). Among

Background: Sweden is a major host nation for asylum-seeking immigrants, and residential placement of these immigrants is an important policy concern. This quasi-experimental study estimated of the impact of being placed into an “immigrant enclave” on risk of officially-recognized drug involvement (ORDI) among asylum-seeking immigrants over a 15-year period. Methods: All data come from Swedish reg

Background: Few studies have investigated the effect of hydration status on appetite for food in healthy adults. Prior work suggests hydration status does not alter appetite or energy intake, with mixed findings regarding appetite hormone secretion. However, an extensive investigation into both the psychological and physiological appetitive responses to hydration status has never been conducted. O