Background: To make lignocellulosic fuel ethanol economically competitive with fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the production cost. One way to achieve this is by increasing the substrate concentration in the production process, and thus reduce the energy demand in the final distillation of the fermentation broth. However, increased substrate concentration in simultaneous saccharification a

P>The conventional rational voter model has problems explaining why people vote, since the costs typically exceed the expected benefits. This paper presents Swedish survey evidence regarding i) Why people vote, ii) Why people vote as they do and their beliefs about why others vote as they do, and iii) How bad not voting and voting selfishly are perceived to be. Large majorities find it important t

The ATLAS detector at the LHC is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W'), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). No excess beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. A W' with Seq

A closed trail is a connected graph whose every vertex is incident to an even number of edges. We give a deterministic algorithm that in time $2^{m/2}poly(m,n)$ finds the number of closed trails in a given graph G with n vertices and m edges. Moreover, within the same time bound we can determine every possible vertex set of a closed trail in G, together with the associated number of closed trails.

The 257Rf isotope has been populated via the 208Pb(50Ti, n) fusion-evaporation reaction and delayed gamma-ray and electron decay spectroscopy has been performed. The existence of a high-K isomeric state in 257Rf has been confirmed. The isomeric state decays into a rotational band based on the 11/2(-)[725] excitation, which was observed up to spin of (23/2(-)). Three multipolarity-E1 gamma transiti

Background There are limited data on survival patterns among patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Design and Methods We compared the survival of 4,259 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, collected from hematology outpatient units in Sweden, with the survival of the general population by computing relative survival ratios. We also compared

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the legacy of the Fourteenth Grenadier Division of the Waffen-SS, known as the Waffen-SS Galizien, a Ukrainian volunteer formation formed in 1943. In Ukrainian ultra-nationalist mythology the unit is depicted as freedom fighters who fought for an independent Ukraine, its collaboration with Nazi Germany dismissed as “Soviet propaganda.” There

Background: Day centres are central for community participation among people with mental health problems. Understanding day centre attendees' occupational engagement is therefore important. Method:A total of 88 people from six day centres in four municipalities in southern Sweden completed a time-use diary, recording their occupational engagement during the most recent day at the day centre. The t

Background: Many laboratories offer glycemic index (GI) services. Objective: We assessed the performance of the method used to measure GI. Design: The GI of cheese-puffs and fruit-leather (centrally provided) was measured in 28 laboratories (n = 311 subjects) by using the FAO/WHO method. The laboratories reported the results of their calculations and sent the raw data for recalculation centrally.

This study evaluates whether the use of an acceleration advisor leads to fuel savings, to determine the change in traffic-related emissions and to analyse changes in driving patterns on various routes. The acceleration advisor provides advice to drivers through resistance in the accelerator pedal when they try to accelerate rapidly. In a test carried out in Southern Sweden, the acceleration adviso

This paper discusses how the author, a Japanese expatriate living in Sweden, perceives packaging in Sweden. Concentrating primarily on the cultural aspect, the paper focuses on the similarity and differences found in 1) the usage of packaging as well as 2) source separation systems for packaging waste. Concerning the usage, the main differences are found in the way packaging is used to keep the qu

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are highly immunosuppressive myeloid cells, which increase in cancer patients. The molecular mechanism behind their generation and function is unclear. Whereas granulocytic-MDSCs correlate with poor overall survival in breast cancer, the presence and relevance of monocytic-MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) is unknown. Here we report for the first time an enrichment of funct

A classical structural optimisation problem consists of a problem-specific objective function which has to be minimised in consideration of particular constraints with respect to design and state variables. In this contribution we adopt a conceptually different approach for the design of a structure which is not based on a classical optimisation technique. Instead, we establish a constitutive micr

Photoreceptor cells finely adjust their sensitivity and electrical response according to changes in light stimuli as a direct consequence of the feedback and regulation mechanisms in the phototransduction cascade. In this study, we employed a systems biology approach to develop a dynamic model of vertebrate rod phototransduction that accounts for the details of the underlying biochemistry. Followi