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The microbiota colonizes each barrier site and broadly controls host physiology1. However, when uncontrolled, microbial colonists can also promote inflammation and induce systemic infection2. The unique strategies used at each barrier tissue to control the coexistence of the host with its microbiota remain largely elusive. Here we uncover that, in the skin, host-microbiota symbiosis depends on the
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe toxicity by activating the innate immune system. In this study, we applied a simple isolation approach to produce artificial OMV that we have named Synthetic Bacterial Vesicles (SyBV) that do not induce a severe toxic respon
Males and females exhibit profound differences in immune responses and disease susceptibility. However, the factors responsible for sex differences in tissue immunity remain poorly understood. Here, we uncovered a dominant role for type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in shaping sexual immune dimorphism within the skin. Mechanistically, negative regulation of ILC2s by androgens leads to a reductio
INTRODUCTION: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and amyloid beta ratio (Aβ42/40) may have diagnostic and prognostic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we assess which markers can best identify AD from controls and other non-AD dementias in a large international multi-center study. METHODS: Plasma samples (n = 1298) w
This thesis presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of molybdenum–rhenium (MoRe) based MOSFET on InAlAs and InGaAs heterostructures, aiming to integrate superconducting contacts with III–V semiconductors for hybrid quantum compatible devices. The study addresses interfacial challenges that limit contact transparency and investigates different surface preparation and passivation tech
The ubiquitous skin colonist Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a CD8+ T cell response pre-emptively, in the absence of an infection1. However, the scope and purpose of this anticommensal immune programme are not well defined, limiting our ability to harness it therapeutically. Here, we show that this colonist also induces a potent, durable and specific antibody response that is conserved in human
This is a proof-of-principle study demonstrating that the combination of a cholera toxin derived adjuvant, CTA1-DD, and lipid nanoparticles (LNP) can significantly improve the immunogenicity and protective capacity of an intranasal vaccine. We explored the self-adjuvanted universal influenza vaccine candidate, CTA1-3M2e-DD (FPM2e), linked to LNPs. We found that the combined vector greatly enhanced
Although leuprorelin acetate, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, has been approved based on short-term clinical trials conducted in Japan, its long-term efficacy on physical function remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of leuprorelin acetate using real-world clinical data through a self-controlled trend-shift analysis. The analysis included 91 gen
Adjuvanted whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines show promise as broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates. Using WIV as basis we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the liposome-based adjuvants CAF01 and CAF09 and the protein-based adjuvants CTA1-DD and CTA1-3M2e-DD and evaluated whether one or more of the adjuvants c
A hybrid assistive limb (HAL) can improve the motor performance of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases, but the efficacy of home-based rehabilitation using HAL for spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) has yet to be elucidated. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of home-based telerehabilitation with lumbar type HAL in patients with SCA. In this non-randomized open-label single center trial,
The development of vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that naturally bud off from bacteria is an evolving field in infectious diseases. However, the inherent inflammatory nature of OMV limits their use as human vaccines. This study employed an engineered vesicle technology to develop synthetic bacterial vesicles (SyBV) that activate the immune system without the severe immunotoxicity
Our understanding of how class-switch recombination (CSR) to IgA occurs in the gut is still incomplete. Earlier studies have indicated that Tregs are important for IgA CSR and these cells were thought to transform into follicular helper T cells (Tfh), responsible for germinal center formation in the Peyer's patches (PP). Following adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor-transgenic (TCR-Tg) CD4 T cell
When applying Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms which utilizes Gaussian processes (GP) models, several components can be adapted to suit different systems and optimization objectives. In this paper, we explore and evaluate a set of such modifications to tailor the algorithm for a high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) system. The system is represented by a steady-state simulator modeling the HPGR
BackgroundLarge-scale genomic rearrangements in cancer cells can lead to the creation of fusion genes which alter the expression or function of the partner genes. Some fusion genes act as tumour drivers and the use of kinase inhibitors in patients with specific fusions have led to breakthroughs in cancer therapy. The large clinical and scientific interest in fusions has led to the development of s
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence may improve diagnostic yield and accuracy in syncope.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare Generative Pretrained Transformer 4-Omni (GPT-4o) with medical professionals (MPs) in establishing syncope diagnoses and recommending interventions based on general practitioner's referral letters to a syncope-unit.METHODS: This three-phase study evaluated 5
Congenital vascular malformations, affecting 0.5% of the population, often occur in the head and neck, complicating treatment due to the critical functions in these regions. Our previous research identified distinct developmental origins for blood and lymphatic vessels in these areas, tracing them to the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM), which contributes to the development of the head, neck, and c
Chemical defences, such as the monoterpenes of conifer oleoresin, frequently occur as complex blends of many components, but the selective pressures that maintain these mixtures are not yet known. Several theories attempt to explain the existence of chemical defence mixtures in plants. However, due to limited empirical evidence, it is unclear which theories might best apply. Here, we tested the va
Based on a combination of morphometric analyses, a chloroplast DNA phylogeny, and multivariate analyses of whole genome sequence data from >300 museum samples, we discuss and evaluate the delimitation, taxonomy, and evolution of wild and escaped taxa in Mentha subgen. Mentha, focusing on the northern hemisphere. Thirteen species (Mentha aquatica, M. arvensis, M. australis, M. capensis, M. dahurica
