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Novel sugar-based gemini surfactants: aggregation properties on aqueous solution

Gemini or dimeric surfactants can in principle be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the level of the polar headgroups. A novel class of sugar-based gemini surfactants with rich and intriguing aggregation behavior in aqueous solution is the focus of this mini-review. The headgroup of the geminis consists of reduced sugars (glucose or mannose) connected to tertiary ami

On Zero-dimensional Modelling of Combustion and NOx Formation in Diesel Engines

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kraven på fordonstillverkare att tillverka motorer med låga avgasemissioner kommer att bli betydligt hårdare i framtiden. När det gäller dieselmotorer är det främst utsläppen av partiklar och kväveoxider som utgör de verkliga utmaningarna. Idag finns avgasreningsteknik för att kraftigt reducera dieselmotorns utsläpp, men fortsatt minskning av bildningen av skadliga och Diesel engine developers are facing major challenges when meeting future demands on NOx and particulate emissions. The exhausts after treatment systems are rapidly improving and the technologies available in a few years will be capable of cutting emission levels close to the demanded levels. However, in order to reach the low emissions required in a long-lasting, cost effective way, the potential

On the geometric approach to the motion of inertial mechanical systems

According to the principle of least action, the spatially periodic motions of one-dimensional mechanical systems with no external forces are described in the Lagrangian formalism by geodesics on a manifold-configuration space, the group D of smooth orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle. The periodic inviscid Burgers equation is the geodesic equation on D with the L-2 right-invariant

Improvement and validation of RAPD in combination with PFGE analysis of Salmonella enterica ssp enterica serovar Senftenberg strains isolated from feed mills

In 1995 and 1996 a Swedish feed mill had problems due to a persistent contamination of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Senftenberg that was difficult to eliminate. Forty-eight strains isolated from the feed mill, together with unrelated strains included to evaluate the discriminatory power and reproducibility, were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The source of contam

Erik Acharius - the last of the Linnean pupils.

Erik Acharius, Linnaeus last pupil and accounted as "The father of lichenology", was born 250 years ago, on the 10th of October 1757. After graduating in Uppsala and taking his medical degree in Lund, he eventually settled in Vadstena, where he worked as a provincial doctor and chief physician at the hospital for veneral diseases. At the age of 36 he wrote his first lichenological work and then co

Continuous low-level glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors provides neuroprotection and induces behavioral recovery in a primate model of Parkinson's disease

The therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor ( GDNF) for Parkinson's disease is likely to depend on sustained delivery of the appropriate amount to the target areas. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors ( rAAVs) expressing GDNF may be a suitable delivery system for this purpose. The aim of this study was to define a sustained level of GDNF that does not affect the

Nottingham Health Profile and Short-Form 36 Health Survey questionnaires in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia: Before and after revascularization.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) as general outcome measures after vascular intervention for lower limb ischemia with respect to patients' quality of life, on the basis of validity, reliability, and responsiveness analyses. Patients and Methods: Eighty patients, 40 with claudication

Development of multi-disciplinary team I-ADL assessment in community health care: an interrater reliability study of the measure of instrumental daily activity

This paper describes a development process concerning the active involvement of staff of different professions in developing and implementing methods for assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) in home-based geriatric rehabilitation. Although a variety of established ADL instruments exist, at the time for this study no I-ADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) instrument suitable for

Medical-record review of potential donor pool in the Czech Republic suggests a possible increase to more than double the number of donors

The objective of this study was the investigation of the maximal potential donor pool and causes of non-realized organ donation. On-site retrospective medical-record review was performed for all cases of patient death (n=1608) occurring in 1999 at 34 (83% of all) intensive care units (ICUs) in the region of the transplant center in Prague, Czech Republic. Two hundred and eighty-eight (18%) patient