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Migratory common blackbirds have lower innate immune function during autumn migration than resident conspecifics

Animals need awell-functioning immune systemto protect themselves againstpathogens. The immune system, however, is costlyand resource trade-offs withother demands exist. For migratory animals several (not mutually exclusive)hypotheses exist. First, migrants reduce immune function to be able to allocateresources to migration. Second, migrants boost immune function to cope withmore and/or novel path

Physiological role of TNF in mucosal immunology : Regulation of macrophage/dendritic cell function

Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes, comprising macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs), play important roles in the generation and the regulation of immune responses to intestinal antigens, and alterations in the development and/or the function of these cells are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor

Exploring the roles of university spin-offs in business networks

This paper identifies different university spin-off (USO) roles related to resource interaction among business parties. It does so by mapping how USOs become part of business networks in terms of their roles relative to other parties. The theoretical frame of reference focuses on roles and resource interaction based on an industrial network approach to business markets. The empirical research is b

The spleen dictates platelet destruction, anti-platelet antibody production, and lymphocyte distribution patterns in a murine model of immune thrombocytopenia

For many years, splenectomy has been used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and this procedure benefits approximately two-thirds of the treated patients. Although splenectomy may raise platelet counts, antibody-coated platelets and cytotoxic T lymphocytes appear to persist or can change over time. To better understand how the spleen may affect anti-platelet immune responses, we used a murine

The nonhemostatic immune functions of platelets

Platelets are megakaryocyte-derived cellular fragments, which lack a nucleus and are the smallest circulating cells and are classically known to have a major role in supporting hemostasis. Apart from this well-established role, it is now becoming evident that platelets are also capable of conveying other important functions, such as during infection and inflammation. This paper will outline these

Move over Tregs, MDSCs are here

In this issue of Blood, Hou et al show the involvement of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and identify a novel mechanism by which high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) promotes MDSC expansion and function and correlates with increased platelet counts.

Microparticles as biomarkers of lung disease : enumeration in biological fluids using lipid bilayer microspheres

Extracellular vesicles, specifically microparticles (MPs), are rapidly gaining attention for their capacity to act as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, or responsiveness to therapy in lung disease, in keeping with the concept of precision medicine. However, MP analysis by high-sensitivity flow cytometry (FCM) is complicated by a lack of accurate means for MP enumeration. To address this gap, we

CD20+ B-cell depletion therapy suppresses murine CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with a complex pathogenesis, which includes both antibody- and T-cell-mediated effector mechanisms. Rituximab (an anti-human CD20 monoclonal antibody [mAb]) is one of the treatments for ITP and is known to deplete B cells but may also work by affecting the T-cell compartments. Here, we investigated the outcome of B-cell depletion (Bd

Acute Lung Injury Causes Asynchronous Alveolar Ventilation That Can Be Corrected by Individual Sighs

RATIONALE: Improved ventilation strategies have been the mainstay for reducing mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Their unique clinical effectiveness is, however, unmatched by our understanding of the underlying mechanobiology, and their impact on alveolar dynamics and gas exchange remains largely speculative.OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in alveolar dynamics and associated effects

C-reactive protein enhances murine antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a syndrome of respiratory distress triggered by blood transfusions and is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. TRALI has primarily been attributed to passive infusion of HLA and/or human neutrophil antigen antibodies present in transfused blood products, and predisposing factors such as inflammation are known to be important for TRALI

2015 proceedings of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine symposium

On March 25 and 26, 2015, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored a meeting on the State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Maryland, which was attended by a diverse group of 330 registrants. The meeting's goal was to identify important research questions that could be answered in the next 5 to 10 years and which wo

Nouvelle cuisine : platelets served with inflammation

Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet characteristics, including their ability to bind infectious agents and secrete many immunomodulatory

Platelets release mitochondria serving as substrate for bactericidal group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 to promote inflammation

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a highly potent inflammatory trigger and is reportedly found outside the cells in blood in various pathologies. Platelets are abundant in blood where they promote hemostasis. Although lacking a nucleus, platelets contain functional mitochondria. On activation, platelets produce extracellular vesicles known as microparticles. We hypothesized that activated platelets cou

A comprehensive study of ovine haemostasis to assess suitability to model human coagulation

INTRODUCTION: Similarities in size, anatomy and physiology have supported the use of sheep to model a wide range of human diseases, including coagulopathy. However, coagulation studies involving sheep are limited by the absence of high quality data defining normal ovine coagulation and fibrinolysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full blood examination, routine and specialised coagulation tests, rotational

A comparative study of different burning time models for the combustion of aluminum dust particles

In the present paper combustion of micron-sized aluminum dust cloud has been studied in a quiescent reaction medium with spatially discrete sources. A new thermal model is generated to estimate the flame front speed in a lean reaction environment in different oxidizer concentrations. Different burning time models for aluminum are utilized in the generated thermal model to compare their applicabili

Peripheral blood monocyte-derived chemokine blockade prevents murine transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality and can occur with any type of transfusion. TRALI is thought to be primarily mediated by donor antibodies activating recipient neutrophils resulting in pulmonary endothelial damage. Nonetheless, details regarding the interactions between donor antibodies and recipient factors are unknown. A murine a