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From the chapter "Introduction and Background": The pilot phase of the National Urban Policy Programme (NUPP): “Developing NUP and Smart City Strategies in Iran” started in 2017 in collaboration between UN-Habitat, Republic of Korea, in three pilot countries of Niger, Myanmar, and Islamic Republic of Iran. It aimed to develop National Urban Policies and Smart City Strategies in Iran and to offer a

The Gullåkra wetland is located around 5 km south of the modern city of Lund and around 2.7 km east of the important Iron Age settlement of Uppåkra in Scania, southern Sweden. In the 1840s, a remarkable discovery was made in the wetland: a bronze lur dated to c. 1300 BCE, along with a boat and the bones of a large animal offering. As Bronze Age boats are exceedingly rare, this discovery makes the

A range of neuroradiological findings has been reported in patients with COVID-19, some mimicking cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We present a case of a man in his 50s with severe COVID-19, who was Glasgow Coma Scale 3 and tetraparetic after sedation was ceased in the intensive care unit. Return of consciousness and motor activity was slow. An MRI 1 month after debut of symptoms demonstrated

Previous research suggests a pattern of gaze avoidance in East Asian compared with Western cultures. Yet, recent eye-tracking studies of face-to-face conversation do not corroborate this. More generally, differences in nonverbal communication and analytic versus holistic strategies have been described between East Asian and Western cultures. Using wearable eye-tracking technology and an automated

We explore the transformative potential of SAM 2, a vision foundation model, in advancing gaze estimation. SAM 2 addresses key challenges in gaze estimation by significantly reducing annotation time, simplifying deployment, and enhancing segmentation accuracy. Utilizing its zero-shot capabilities with minimal user input—a single click per video—we tested SAM 2 on over 14 million eye images from a

This article investigates how social media can enable and constrain civil society organizations’ (CSOs) discharge of accountability. Based on a comparative analysis of the Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter (X) posts of the Swedish Red Cross during 1 year (N = 1014), we propose a framework of affordances that illustrate how platform features, practices, norms, and perceptions about audiences jointly

The modern food industry faces the challenge of catering to diverse consumer preferences while maintaining efficiency and profitability. Rapid shifts in consumer trends, emerging technologies, and evolving regulations make it difficult for companies to keep pace, often resulting in inefficiencies and lost opportunities. The vast amount of data generated across production, supply chains, and market

Iran has gone through a very rapid urbanization in the last six decades. The fast pace of urbanization of the country calls for an integrated planning to move towards sustainable urban development and resilient and livable cities. Despite five decades of history in preparation of urban plans and two decades of history since the introduction of urban management in Iran, the urban policymaking, in pIran has gone through a very rapid urbanization in the last six decades. The fast pace of urbanization of the country calls for an integrated planning to move towards sustainable urban development and resilient and livable cities. Despite five decades of history in preparation of urban plans and two decades of history since the introduction of urban management in Iran, the urban policymaking, in p

This paper examines how organisational boundaries shape the relationship between collaboration and research performance in universities. Using meso-level co-authorship networks and matched registry data from 83 German universities between 2006 and 2019, this study advances the understanding of how organisational structures condition collaborative knowledge production and its research performance o

Environmental changes and their effects are among the most pressing topics of today's ecological research. Shrublands, although widespread across the globe, remain understudied in this respect. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 81 shrubland sites subjected to experimental warming, shifts in precipitation (e.g. increased precipitation and drought), and nitrogen addition to quantify seven types

Marine and salt marsh sediments contain large amounts of organic carbon (OC) and are therefore important in the global carbon cycle. Here, we collated previously published and unpublished measurements of sediment OC in marine and salt marsh sediments in European regional seas (EURO-CARBON; available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14905489). To the extent possible the OC data were complemented b

Assertions are one of the most useful automated techniques for checking program’s behaviour and hence have been used for different verification and validation tasks. We provide an overview of the last two decades of research involving “assertions” in software testing. Based on a term-based search, we filtered the inclusion of relevant papers and synthesised them with respect to the problem address

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a widely used non-invasive method for characterizing NOx emission, mostly in combustion applications, but also in many plasma facilities. Under the carbon-free prerequisite, non-thermal plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) is a promising technology to address the low flammability issues of ammonia (NH3) flames, but nitric oxide (NO) emission remains unknown. NO quan

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can increase cancer detection in mammography screening while reducing screen-reading workload, but further understanding of the clinical impact is needed. Methods: In this randomised, controlled, parallel-group, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening-accuracy study, done within the Swedish national screening programme, wo

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the major form of functional bowel disorders, where the diagnosis is based on set criteria and characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Epidemiological data, alongside self-reported outcomes, are of interest with regard to IBS, as these factors may need to be addressed to optimize underlying IBS. This study aims to examine the effec

HLA-DR genes are associated with the progression from stage 1 and stage 2 to onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D), after accounting HLA-DQ genes with which they are in high linkage-disequilibrium. Based on an integrated cohort of participants from two completed clinical trials, this investigation finds that sharing a haplotype with the DRB1*03:01 (DR3) allele, DRB3*01:01:02 and *02:02:01 have re

The interaction of light with matter played a key role in the establishment of quantum mechanics, and each development of new light sources led to important advances in science, technology and society. An exciting area of physics has been opened with the new millennium, attosecond physics, where the motion of electrons can be studied at the fastest time scale ever reached with light. We review the

Abstract in French:Cette recherche s'intéresse à la mobilisation transnationale de la diaspora autour du vote externe et à l'implication des organisations diasporiques dans le processus électoral du pays d'origine. Plusieurs approches expliquent la transnationalisation politique des groupes diasporiques ; cependant, elles ne parviennent pas à clarifier (1) comment certains moments historiques (parThis research is concerned with transnational diaspora mobilisation around external voting and diaspora organisations’ involvement in the homeland electoral process. There are several approaches that explain the political transnationalisation of the diasporic groups; yet, they fail to clarify (1) how some historical moments (e.g., extending the voting right to non-resident nationals) can generate