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The effect of multiple hydrotropic treatments on the delignification of hardwood

Hydrotropic extraction (HEX) is a method for the delignification of lignocellulose that has been given increasing amounts of attention during the last couple of years. A hydrotrope is an amphiphilic substance, which, in high enough concentrations, can improve solubility of otherwise poorly soluble substances in water. The most commonly used substance for HEX-delignification is sodium xylenesulfona

The effect of steam pretreatment on hydrotropic extraction of hardwood

The forest industry is one of Sweden’s most important business areas. As the use of paper is declining the need for this sector to find other alternatives is increasing. An attractive option to meet this demand is the establishment of forest biorefineries. However, economically suitable pretreatment methods for woody biomass, which minimize degradation of the structural carbohydrates and allow the

Meal frequency and vegetable intake does not predict the development of frailty in older adults

Background: Frailty is considered highly prevalent among the aging population. Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with positive health outcomes across the life-span; however, the relationship with health benefits among older adults has received little attention. Aim: The aim was to examine if a relationship exists between meal frequency or frequency of vegetable intake and the development of

Copper trade and production of copper, brass and bronze goods in the Oldenburg monarchy : copperworks and copper users in the eighteenth century

This paper explores trade connections – or the lack of such – between copperworks and copper processing plants in the Oldenburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. Domestic customs areas, high tariffs on raw material export and import bans sought to encourage domestic copper and brass goods production of Norwegian copper raw material, however this was only realised halfway. The raw material from N

A combined approach to assess the impacts of Ecological Focus Areas on regional structural development and agricultural land use

The 2013 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) introduced compulsory ‘greening’ measures with the goal to mitigate environmental degradation caused by intensive agriculture. This paper aims to investigate how the implementation of the Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) obligation will affect regional agricultural development, the economic performance of farms and land use (including choices of

Potential use of biomass for separation of lignin by hydrotropic extraction

The demand for energy in the world is increasing steadily. As the standard of living for people in the developing countries is increasing so is the net energy use per capita. The main contributor to the energy consumption is the use of fossil fuels, which is also the major emission source for carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is in turn one of the most significant greenhouse gases and will enhance te

ALK positively regulates MYCN activity through repression of HBP1 expression

ALK mutations occur in 10% of primary neuroblastomas and represent a major target for precision treatment. In combination with MYCN amplification, ALK mutations infer an ultra-high-risk phenotype resulting in very poor patient prognosis. To open up opportunities for future precision drugging, a deeper understanding of the molecular consequences of constitutive ALK signaling and its relationship to

Dietary folate intake and pancreatic cancer risk : Results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has an exceptionally low survival rate and primary prevention strategies are limited. Folate plays an important role in one-carbon metabolism and has been associated with the risk of several cancers, but not consistently with PC risk. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary folate intake and PC risk, using the standardised folate database across 10 European c

Reformen av CAP 2013 : Lärdomar för en bättre jordbrukspolitik efter 2020

Den senaste reformen av EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik (CAP) sjösattes 2015 med avsikten att göra det europeiska jordbruket mer konkurrenskraftigt och mer hållbart. Syftet med den här rapporten är att analysera vilka effekter reformen kan väntas få på svenskt jordbruk på områdena konkurrenskraft och miljö, för att undersöka om målen med reformen uppfylls eller ej. Analysen bygger på simuleringar

Evaluating the collection, comparability and findings of six global surgery indicators

Background: In 2015, six indicators were proposed to evaluate global progress towards access to safe, affordable and timely surgical and anaesthesia care. Although some have been adopted as core global health indicators, none has been evaluated systematically. The aims of this study were to assess the availability, comparability and utility of the indicators, and to present available data and upda

Malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection : An update from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of preoperative malperfusion on 30-day and late mortality and postoperative complications using data from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (ATAAD) registry. Methods: We studied 1159 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery between January 2005 and December 2014 at 8 Nordic centers. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were perfor

Methods to reduce banding effects in 3-D resistivity inversion

Three-dimensional surveys are required to accurately resolve structures in very complex areas. In many cases the 3-D data set is collated from a series of parallel 2-D survey lines, and frequently the distance between the lines is more than the electrode spacing along the lines. The inversion of such data sets frequently produce models with banded near-surface anomalies that are aligned parallel (

Pilot study of using resistivity-IP, magnetometry and slingram for separation of industrial waste

A controlled experiment was carried out by doing geophysical measurements on a purpose-built heap consisting of two different industrial waste fractions, called NF ( non-ferrous metal) and SLF (shredder light fraction), from the recycling plant of Stena Metall in Halmstad, Sweden. The purpose of the experiment was to see if it was possible to distinguish the different types of material using geoph

Consequences of intensive forest harvesting on the recovery of Swedish lakes from acidification and on critical load exceedances

Across much of the northern hemisphere, lakes are at risk of re-acidification due to incomplete recovery from historical acidification and pressures associated with more intensive forest biomass harvesting. Critical load (CL) calculations aimed at estimating the amount of pollutants an ecosystem can receive without suffering adverse consequences are dependent on these factors. Here, we present a m