Issuing amnesty in the aftermath of violent conflict is a debated topic within Peace and Conflict studies. This thesis intends to contribute to the debate by investigating how the amnesty issued for Kurdish collaborators of the genocide in 1988, influences reconciliation in Iraqi Kurdistan. To achieve this, a content analysis of statements and news articles is employed to analyze the government

The polarizing effect on the relationship between the West and Russia poses poses challenges to the otherwise close ties between right-wing populist parties and Russia. The thesis utilizes political imaginary in conjunction with political narratives to understand the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 on the political imaginaries of the Sweden Democrats, the National Rally, and the

China and Russia are two influential powers within the international system which have different understandings of the threshold of nuclear use. The purpose and effect of possessing nuclear weapons have been widely researched but have yet to be utilised to analyse the broader effect on security. This thesis intends to understand the relationship between nuclear weapons’ purpose and the role and on

In this study, we investigated the issue of segregation as a social problem and the effort made to address it at the local level, particularly by the Swedish government. The government had developed a long-term program focusing on areas such as crime, the labor market, education, housing, and civil society to reduce segregation and promote equal opportunities. Our aim was to understand how the act

Increased scholarly interest in ideas, goods and people that crossed the boundaries between modern empires (c. 1850-1914), known as transimperial history, has directed attention to microhistorical cases of individuals with transimperial careers. Such life trajectories are interesting in themselves, but their representativeness and broader significance for modern imperial history is often unclear.

Colloidal lead-free perovskite nanocrystals have recently received extensive attention because of their facile synthesis, the outstanding size-tunable optoelectronic properties, and less or no toxicity in their commercial applications. Tin (Sn) has so far led to the most efficient lead-free solar cells, yet showing highly unstable characteristics in ambient conditions. Here, we propose the synthes

Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the earliest changes in AD is endosomal enlargement in neurons, which was reported as enhanced in ApoE4 carriers. ApoE is thought to be internalized into endosomes of neurons, whereas β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates within neuronal endosomes early in AD. However, it remains unknown whether ApoE and A

Land cover and land use is well known to be one of the main drivers of erosion and soil loss. However, most findings rely on short-term data analysis and focus on only one or two land covers. In our paper we investigate the long-term trade-off between common agricultural land cover changes (sugarcane, pasture, and soybean) and their runoff and soil loss rates, as well as comparing them to forest (

Biological systems are known to spontaneously adjust the functioning of neurotransmitters, ion channels, and the immune system, being promoted or regulated through allosteric effects or inhibitors, affording non-linear responses to external stimuli. Here we report that an insulated conjugated bimetallopolymer, in which Ru(II) and Pt(II) complexes are mutually connected with insulated conjugations,

Low-temperature nanostructured electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for perovskite solar cells are grown by reactive sputtering at 160 °C with thickness in the range 22-76 nm and further stabilization in air at 180 °C to improve the lattice structure and to consequently reduce charge recombination during solar cell operation. In addition, the post-deposition treatment aims at leveling differences a

To date, the most efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require hole-transporting materials (HTMs) that are doped with hygroscopic additives to improve their performance. Unfortunately, such dopants negatively impact the overall PSCs stability and add cost and complexity to the device fabrication. Hence, there is a need to investigate new strategies to boost the typically modest performance of d

Solution and solution-deposited thin films of the discotic liquid crystalline electron acceptor–donor–acceptor (A-D-A) p-type organic semiconductor FHBC(TDPP)2, synthesized by coupling thienyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) onto a fluorenyl substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (FHBC) core, are examined by ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and time-resolved pho

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) combine the outstanding optoelectronic properties of bulk perovskites with strong quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale. Their facile and low-cost synthesis, together with superior photoluminescence quantum yields and exceptional optical versatility, make PNCs promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronics. However, this field is still in i

Diffusion MRI uses the random displacement of water molecules to sensitize the signal to brain microstructure and to properties such as the density and shape of cells. Microstructure modeling techniques aim to estimate these properties from acquired data by separating the signal between virtual tissue 'compartments' such as the intra-neurite and the extra-cellular space. A key challenge is that th

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka unga konsumenters attityder till företags sociala ansvarstagande. Forskningsfrågorna är 1. Hur ser unga konsumenters attityder ut till socialt ansvarstagande? 2. Vilka åtgärder bör tas enligt informanterna, för att förändra konsumenters uppfattning om företag med bristande socialt ansvarstagande? Teoretisk referensram: Denna studie använder en teoretPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine young consumers' attitudes towards companies' social responsibility. The research questions are 1. What are the attitudes of young consumers towards social responsibility? 2. What measures should be taken according to the respondents, to change consumers' perception of companies with a lack of social responsibility? Theoretical foundatio

Studien riktar sig till ökad insikt för politisk kommunikation på sociala medier, karakteristiskt högerpopulistiska partiers frammarsch hos unga väljare och anknytningen till teorierna personifiering, populism och dramaturgiska. Studien fokuserar på hur Moderaterna anpassar och strukturerar deras kommunikationsstrategier på TikTok och Instagram inför valet år 2022 för att engagera följare. StudienThe study aims to provide insights into political communication on social media, particularly the rise of right-wing populist parties among young voters and their connection to the theories of personification, populism, and dramaturgy. It focuses on how the Moderate Party adapts and structures its communication strategies on TikTok and Instagram in preparation for the 2022 election to engage follo

I dagens samhälle finns en allt större press på varumärken att stå ut ur mediebruset samt att kommunicera kring hållbarhet och CSR. Detta gör brandingstrategier högst nödvändiga, trots detta är det ännu ett relativt outforskat område inom marknadsföring av evenemang. Tidigare forskning visar på studier baserade på konsumentens perspektiv samt under tiden av det faktiska evenemanget. Däremot är forIn today’s society, brands face pressure to stand out and to communicate about sustainability and CSR efforts. This makes branding strategies necessary, yet it is a rather unexplored area within marketing of events. Previous research of events shows studies from the consumer’s perspective based on when the event takes place. However, less focus is put on how event brands engage the audience before

This study examines the beginnings of Hamburg’s institutional transformation from a predominantly Hanseatic-style city to a Northern European financial and economic center. Existing literature has repeatedly pointed out the importance of migrants in the diffusion of economic institutions in the early modern period. In Hamburg’s case, commercially-minded migrants from Western Europe came to Hamburg

The late 19th century witnessed a remarkable surge in globalization, resulting in a substantial flow of goods, labour, and capital across national and continental borders. Switzerland, despite its limited domestic market and resource constraints, capitalized on this era of globalization and transformed itself from a relatively impoverished agrarian state to one of the world's wealthiest nation