Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage : the OSCAR study
OBJECTIVES: To study the dose-response relation between cadmium dose and renal tubular damage in a population of workers and people environmentally or occupationally exposed to low concentrations of cadmium.METHODS: Early kidney damage in 1021 people, occupationally or environmentally exposed to cadmium, was assessed from cadmium in urine to estimate dose, and protein HC (alpha(1)-microglobulin) i