Objective: Accumulation of amyloid-β is among the earliest changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) and Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both assess amyloid-β pathology in-vivo, but 10–20% of cases show discordant (CSF+/PET− or CSF-/PET+) results. The neuropathological correspondence with amyloid-β CSF/PET discordance is unknown. Methods: We included 21 pa

Children require a large amount of time, effort, and resources to raise. Physical help, financial contributions, medical care, and other types of assistance from kin and social network members allow couples to space births closer together while maintaining or increasing child survival. We examine the impact of kin availability on couples' reproductive success in the early twentieth-century United

Increasing water deficits and severe droughts are expected to alter the dynamics of vegetation post-disturbance recovery by decreasing new recruitment and limiting growth in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems in future. However, which vegetation metrics will be shifted and how they respond over time are not clear, and the experimental evidence is still limited. Here we assessed the impacts of a lo

BACKGROUND: (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA, Z9,E12-14:OAc) is a major sex pheromone component for many stored-product moth species. This pheromone is used worldwide for mating disruption, detection, monitoring, and mass trapping in raw and processed food storage facilities. In this study, we demonstrate the biological production of ZETA pheromone by engineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevis

HSC aging is clinically associated with risk of anemia, immune compromise, and malignancy. Mansell et al. show that mitochondrial activity is directly linked to age-related performance of HSCs and that its perturbation has direct consequences for HSC function, resulting in alleviation or prevention of hematopoietic aging.

The global climate transition from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene is dominated by a rapid warming trend driven by an increase in orbital summer insolation over high northern latitudes and related feedbacks. The warming trend was interrupted by several abrupt shifts between colder (stadial) and warmer (interstadial) climate states following instabilities of the Atlantic Meridional Overturnin

Both atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation can strongly impact below-ground biogeochemical processes. Soil extracellular enzymes activities (EEAs) and microorganisms are considered as the key agents in ecosystem nutrient cycling. However, how the interaction between increasing N deposition and precipitation may affect soil EEAs and microbes remain poorly understood. In a 5-year fie

Background and aims: Genetic loci associated with CHD show different relationships with intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (IMT-CCA) and in the bulb (IMT-bulb). We evaluated if IMT-CCA and IMT-bulb differ also with respect to circulating protein profiles and risk of incident atherosclerotic disease. Methods: In three Swedish cohorts (MDC, IMPROVE, PIVUS, total n > 7000), IMT-CCA a

It is unclear if mild-to-moderate dehydration independently affects mood without confounders like heat exposure or exercise. This study examined the acute effect of cellular dehydration on mood. Forty-nine adults (55 % female, age 39 (SD 8) years) were assigned to counterbalanced, crossover trials. Intracellular dehydration was induced with 2-h (0·1 ml/kg per min) 3 % hypertonic saline (HYPER) inf

With the increased occurrence of climate extremes, there is an urgent need to better understand how management strategies affect the capacity of the soil microbial community to maintain its ecosystem functions (e.g. nutrient cycling). To address this issue, intact monoliths were extracted from conventional and ecological managed grasslands in three countries across Europe and exposed under common

A search for new-physics resonances decaying into a lepton and a jet performed by the ATLAS experiment is presented. Scalar leptoquarks pair-produced in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider are considered using an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1, corresponding to the full Run 2 dataset. They are searched for in events with two electrons or two muons and two or more jets, incl

Although unfolding of protein in the liquid state is relatively well studied, its mechanisms in the solid state, are much less understood. We evaluated the reversibility of thermal unfolding of lysozyme with respect to the water content using a combination of thermodynamic and structural techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, synchrotron small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS)

StringSpinner is a plugin allowing for the introduction of spin effects in the hadronization part of the PYTHIA 8 event generator. In this first version the implementation is limited to handling pesudoscalar mesons in events without parton showers. The spin effects are generated by propagating the quark polarization along the fragmentation chain according to the rules of the quantum mechanical str

When considered separately from cardiovascular disease, stroke is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. and is the leading cause of long-term disability in adults. New approaches that can be offered to the majority of ischemic stroke patients, can be continued throughout post-stroke care, can limit stroke severity, and can complement or even enhance rehabilitation, would transform ischemic

Study design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Objectives: To (i) describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and changes over 6 years in older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) and (ii) investigate how changes in HRQoL are associated with age, gender, and injury characteristics. Setting: Community in southern Sweden. Methods: From the initial 123 participants (years 2011–2

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is a type of molecular radiotherapy that has been used in the treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumours for over two decades. It is not until recently, however, that it has achieved regulatory approval. The currently approved treatment regimen is a one-size-fits-all scheme, i.e. all patients receive a fixed activity of the radiopharmaceutical (177Lu-DO

Field measurement data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still scarce for many land-use types in Africa, causing a high level of uncertainty in GHG budgets. To address this gap, we present in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and methane (CH4) emissions from the lowlands of southern Kenya. We conducted eight chamber measurement campaigns on gas exchange from fou

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blo

In a recent communication on carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the uppermost Cambrian strata, it was claimed that the Top of Cambrian Excursion (TOCE) is (1) an undocumented negative δ13Ccarb excursion; (2) ambiguously defined; (3) deliberately fictitious or, in the authors’ words, a ‘nihilartikel’; and (4) not synonymous with the Hellnmaria–Red Tops Boundary (HERB) Event. As the authors who hav

The self-assembly of the protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Still, the molecular mechanism of tau aggregation is largely unknown. This problem may be addressed by systematically obtaining reproducible in vitro kinetics measurements under quiescent conditions in the absence of triggering substances. Here, we implement thi