A critical appraisal is made of an article in this journal by Dabelko and McCormick. In the article, the authors try to estimate the opportunity cost of defence. With simple tools from economic analysis it is shown that their methodological approach reveals a fundamental misunderstanding of this important and useful concept. In the final section, some difficulties encountered when attempting a cor

We study relations between finite-dimensional representations of color Lie algebras and their cocycle twists. Main tools are the universal enveloping algebras and their FCR-properties (finite-dimensional representations are completely reducible.) Cocycle twist preserves the FCR-property. As an application, we compute all finite dimensional representations (up to isomorphism) of the color Lie algeb

The Bodmer miscellaneous codex contains not only P72 (Jude, 1-2 Peter), but eight other biblical and Christian writings as well. Three independent sections (I-II-III) of the codex have been identified and a different sequence than the traditional is suggested as original. There are strong connections between sections I and III and they probably followed in sequence. The most significant connection

The distribution of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus between soil and roots, and between mycelial and storage structures, was studied by use of the fatty acid signature 16:1(omega)5. Increasing the soil phosphorus level resulted in a decrease in the level of the fatty acid 16:1(omega)5 in the soil and roots. A similar decrease was detected by microscopic measurements of root colonization and

By use of time-resolved spectroscopy it is possible to separate light scattering effects from chemical absorption effects in samples. In the study of propagation of short light pulses in turbid samples the reduced scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient are usually obtained by fitting diffusion or Monte Carlo models to the measured data by use of numerical optimization techniques. In

In neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) labelled with [32P]-trisodium phosphate, [3H]-inositol and [14C]-arachidonic acid, bradykinin stimulated the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) while it had no effect on the release of [14C]-arachidonic acid (AA). The effect on PIP2 was time- and dose-dependent with a maximal effect on [3H]-inositol- and [32P]-labelled cell

Aim: This study was conducted to assess efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycaemia. Methods: Multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 52-week treatment with vildagliptin (50 mg q.d.) in 306 drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (A1C = 6.2-7.5%). A1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and meas

Grain [11] is a lightweight stream cipher proposed by M. Hell, T. Johansson, and W. Meier to the eSTREAM call for stream cipher proposals of the European project ECRYPT [5]. Its 160-bit internal state is divided into a LFSR and an NFSR,of length 80 bits each. A filtering boolean function is used to derive each keystream bit from the internal state. By combining linear approximations of the feedbac

The so-called Glires hypothesis postulates a sister-group relationship between Rodentia (e.g., rat and mouse) and Lagomorpha (e.g., rabbit). Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have yielded incongruent results, and either supported or refuted the Glires grouping. In order to study this inconsistency we have reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on data sets of 20 orthologous nuclear protein co

Abstract: In this paper, the South Swedish Apparent Cleft (SSAC) is introduced, described and briefly discussed. The SSAC was first observed in the 1940s, and it has not yet been subject to any detailed linguistic analysis. The usage of the SSAC has been examined in a corpus study and via a questionnaire, and the results suggest (albeit inconclusively) that it truly is a specifically south Swedish

Early B cell factor (EBF)-1 is a transcription factor known to be of critical importance for early B lymphocyte development. EBF-1 has been shown to directly interact with and regulate expression of a set of genes involved in the functional formation of the preB cell receptor, but the dramatic phenotype observed in the EBF-1-deficient mice suggests that several additional genes are activated by th

The A rabidopsis thaliana protein kinase AtPDK1 was identified as a homologue of the mammalian 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), which is involved in a number of physiological processes including cell growth and proliferation. We now show that AtPDK1 expressed in E. coli as a recombinant protein, undergoes autophosphorylation at several sites. Using mass spectrometry, three pho

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate how the tumor suppressor protein p16(INK4A) interferes with growth and differentiation of leukemic U-937 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: U-937 clones constantly overexpressing the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16(INK4A) were established. Clones transfected with empty vector were used as controls. The effects of high-level expression of p16(INK

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; OMIM 122470) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome characterized by distinctive dysmorphic facial features, severe growth and developmental delay and abnormalities of the upper limbs. About 50% of CdLS patients have been found to have heterozygous mutations in the NIPBL gene and a few cases were recently found to be caused by mutations

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is dependent on the electrical activity of beta cells; hence, genes encoding beta cell ion channels are potential candidate genes for type 2 diabetes. The gene encoding the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel Ca(V)2.3 (CACNA1E), telomeric to a region that has shown suggestive linkage to type 2 diabetes (1q21-q25), has been ascribed a role for seco

The paper examines energy consumption in Sweden, Holland, Italy and Spain over 200 years, including both traditional and modern energy car-riers. The article is based on totally new series of energy consumption in-cluding traditional carriers along with modern sources. Our main purposes are a closer examination of the process of the energy transition in Europe and a revision of the prevailing idea

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oestrogen receptor (ER) beta activation on vascular protein synthesis and protein expression. Nuclear immunoreactivity towards ER beta was observed abundantly in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells of mouse aorta. No ER alpha-positive cell nuclei were observed. In aorta from ovariectomized mice, treatment with the selective ER