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Forward RNAi screens in human stem cells.

Identifying the genes and pathways that regulate self-renewal and differentiation in somatic stem cells is a central goal in stem cell and cancer biology. Here, we describe a method for RNAi-based screens in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These cells are suitable targets for complex, selection-based screens using pooled lentiviral shRNA libraries. The screening approach is

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy with blue diode lasers

Frequency-modulation spectroscopy provides ultrasensitive absorption measurements. The technique is especially adaptable to diode lasers, which can be modulated easily, and has been used extensively in the near-infrared and infrared spectral regions. The availability of blue diode lasers now means that the accessible wavelength region can be increased. We successfully demonstrate wavelength-modula

Bandwidth constraints for passive superluminal propagation through metamaterials

Superluminal transmission of electromagnetic waves is usually observed in a narrow bandwidth range and the velocity outside this range is subluminal. In this paper, it is shown that the transmission coefficient for superluminal propagation through a periodic metamaterial structure satisfies a sum rule. The sum rule and its corresponding physical bound relate frequency regions with a phase velocity

Knowledge of disease and adherence in adult patients with haemophilia.

Summary. Patients with moderate and severe haemophilia are evaluated on a regular basis at their haemophilia centres but patients with mild haemophilia are seen less often because of fewer problems related to their disease. The needs of patients with milder forms of haemophilia, however, are often underestimated, both by the patient and staff at healthcare facilities. This study evaluated the know

The cost-effectiveness of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in Spain. Comparison of clinical trial and clinical practice data.

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with infliximab (Remicade(R)) in Spain for up to 40 years. Methods: A previously published disease model was adapted to the Spanish setting using resource consumption from a cross-sectional burden of an illness study in 601 patients in Spain. Cost-effectiveness estimates were based on a placebo-controlled clinica

Extracellular matrix structure.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell to adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals in

Effects of baseline P-wave duration and choice of atrial septal pacing site on shortening atrial activation time during pacing.

BACKGROUND: Atrial septal pacing (ASP) has been shown to shorten P-wave duration (PWD) and reduce recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with bradyarrhythmias. However, variability of interatrial connections and atrial conduction properties may explain ASP's modest clinical benefit. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ASP site on the duration of the paced P wave. METHODS

Complement classical pathway components are all important in clearance of apoptotic and secondary necrotic cells.

Summary Inherited deficiencies in components of the classical complement pathway are strong disease susceptibility factors for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and there is a hierarchy among deficiency states, the strongest association being with C1q deficiency. We investigated the relative importance of the different complement pathways regarding clearance of apoptotic cells.

Dissociated incretin hormone response to protein versus fat ingestion in obese subjects.

Protein elicits a stronger early (30 min) glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) response than fat ingestion in lean individuals, with no difference in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We assessed the incretin hormone response to protein versus fat ingestion in obesity. Equicaloric (8 kcal/kg) fat (olive oil) or protein (whey protein) was ingested by non-diabetic obese male volunteers

CAPS1 and CAPS2 Regulate Stability and Recruitment of Insulin Granules in Mouse Pancreatic beta Cells.

CAPS1 and CAPS2 regulate dense-core vesicle release of transmitters and hormones in neuroendocrine cells, but their precise roles in the secretory process remain enigmatic. Here we show that CAPS2(-/-) and CAPS1(+/-);CAPS2(-/-) mice, despite having increased insulin sensitivity, are glucose intolerant and that this effect is attributable to a marked reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Perspective-shifts in event descriptions in Tamil child language

Children are able to take multiple perspectives in talking about entities and events. But the nature of children's sensitivities to the complex patterns of perspective-taking in adult language is unknown. We examine perspective-taking in four- and six-year-old Tamil-speaking children describing placement events, as reflected in the use of a general placement verb (veyyii ‘put’) versus two fine-gra

Endovascular treatment of acute complicated type B dissection: morphological changes at midterm follow-up.

PURPOSE:To review midterm results and morphological changes following endovascular treatment of acute complicated type B dissection and to study the relation between extent of dissection and treatment outcome. METHODS:Between February 2001 and March 2008, 52 patients (38 men; median age 67 years, range 40-82) received thoracic stent-grafts for acute complicated type B dissections. Outcome for thos

A 1.1-Gb/s 115-pJ/bit configurable MIMO detector using 0.13-um CMOS technology

This brief presents an efficient and configurable multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) signal detector design solution and its high-speed IC implementation. This detector can support 2 $times$ 2/3 $times$ 3/4 $times$ 4 MIMO and quadratic phase-shift keying/16-state quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM)/64-state QAM modulation configurations. The detection algorithm employs an early-pruned techniqu

Comparability of cancer identification among death registry, cancer registry and hospital discharge registry.

Registry based cancer incidence and mortality data are widely used for etiologic research, cancer control and health care monitoring and planning. The complete coverage of all cases is the key criteria of data quality but it is difficult to assess because the alternative sources of data may be flawed. The aim of this study was to examine, at a nationwide level, the completeness of the Swedish Canc

Systemic IGF-I administration stimulates the in vivo growth of early, but not advanced, renal cell carcinoma.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a potent mitogen and antiapoptotic factor. Although elevated serum IGF-I levels have been associated with increased cancer risk, it is not yet clear whether IGF-I sensitivity is sustained throughout tumor progression. To evaluate the biological effects of IGF-I during renal cell carcinoma (RCC) establishment and progression, we administered recombinant human

The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and the secondary granule protein lactoferrin are synthesized in myelocytes, colocalize in subcellular fractions of neutrophils, and are coreleased by activated neutrophils.

The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) re-establishes homeostasis at sites of infection by virtue of its ability to exert antimicrobial activity, to suppress LPS-induced cellular immune responses, and to reduce tissue damage through inhibition of serine proteases released by polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs). Microarray analysis of bone marrow (BM) populations highly enri

Synthesis, conformation and biology of naphthoxylosides.

Proteoglycans (PG) are polyanionic proteins consisting of a core protein substituted with carbohydrate chains, that is, glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The biosynthesis of GAG can be manipulated by simple xylosides carrying hydrophobic aglycons, which can enter the cell and initiate the biosynthesis. While the importance of the aglycon is well investigated, there is far less information on the effect of