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This thesis describes tetrapyrrole synthesis in the aerobic Gram positive bacterium Bacillus sub-tilis. Tetrapyrroles such as heme of a-, b-, c-, d- and o-type can be synthesised in this organism. In addition, there is strong evidence for the presence of the tetrapyrrole siroheme in B. subtilis. Heme b (protoheme IX) and siroheme are synthesised in ten and nine enzymatic steps, respectively, from
An ASIC implementation of the K-best Schnorr-Euchner decoder is presented for a 4/spl times/4 16-QAM MIMO system. There are several low complexity and low power features incorporated in the proposed VLSI architecture. The chip is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip core area is 5.76 mm/sup 2/ with 91 K gates. Furthermore, the decoding throughput that the chip can support is up
Popular Abstract in Swedish Andelen vindkraft i elnätet har ständigt ökat under de senaste åren. I många länder utgör idag vindkraften en betydande del av den totala elproduktionen. Detta gäller även vid störningar då vindkraftverk – precis som vattenkraftverk och kärnkraftverk – måste fortsätta bidra till balansen mellan elproduktion och förbrukning. De nya reglerna för anslutning av vindkraft tiSynchronous generators have always been the dominant generation type in the grid. This fact affected both planning and operation of power systems. With the fast increase of wind power share in the grid in the last decade, the situation is changing. In some countries wind power represents already a consistent amount of the total generation. Wind turbines can be classified as non-synchronous generat
Digital subscriber lines (DSL) are today one of the most important means for delivering high-speed data transmission. An emerging technique for dealing with one of the technology's most harmful problems, crosstalk, is dynamic spectrum management (DSM). DSM literature already counts with some half a dozen important solutions. These solutions can be classified according to four different aspects: op
The planning of facilities to improve the environment is often carried through in the form of locally based construction projects. These projects can be complex, involving a variety of issues and a number of different actors from both the public and private sectors. By drawing on previous research on project planning, an analytical model for analysing the issues connected with the planning and imp
In order to obtain the maximum efficiency from a hybrid driveline it is crucial to optimize the power distribution between the electric drive and the internal combustion engine. An accurate estimation of how much electric power can be delivered at any instant of time is therefore of great interest. Such estimation is dependent on several factors, as the state of charge of the battery, the temperat
The rapid development of the technology of today increasingly involves the design and fabrication of devices of smaller and smaller dimensions, down to the atomic length scales. At the nanoscale molecular dynamic (MD) models are often used. For many but the smallest systems, MD models are computationally too expensive, whereas classical continuum mechanics models not accurately can resolve microsc
Electromagnetic vector spherical waves have been used recently to model antenna channel interaction and the available degrees of freedom in MIMO systems. However, there are no previous accounts of a method to estimate spherical wave coefficients from channel measurements. One approach, using a 3D positioner, is presented in this letter, both in theory and practice. Measurement results are present
We consider load balancing on a network. Servers of limited bandwidth move a single commodity through a network of buffers (or queues) while external random processes generate and consume this commodity. Our contribution is a distributed algorithm for regulating the backlogs of these queues to a given reference while balancing the mean flow in the network. We formulate this as a fluid buffer regu
