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Cruises are one of the fastest growing and most energy-intense tourism segments, accounting for significant emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as air pollutants such as nitrous oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5). International measures to limit the sector's environmental impacts have so far had no significant effects. This highlights the importance of national, regional or port-specifi
Background: Atopic eczema (also known as eczema) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that often afflicts patients’ health and well-being. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative recommends that ‘long-term control of eczema’ is measured in all clinical trials 3 months or longer in duration. However, little has been published on what eczema control means to those living w
Inflation targeting is a common monetary policy regime. Inflation targets are often flexible in the sense that the central bank allows inflation to temporarily deviate from the target to avoid causing unnecessary volatility in the real economy. In this paper, we propose modeling the degree of flexibility using an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model. Assuming that tInflation targeting is a common monetary policy regime. Inflation targets are often flexible in the sense that the central bank allows inflation to temporarily deviate from the target to avoid causing unnecessary volatility in the real economy. In this paper, we propose modeling the degree of flexibility using an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model. Assuming that t
BACKGROUND: No comprehensive collection of routine therapeutic drug monitoring data for antipsychotic drugs has been published. METHODS: In this compilation, data on 12 antipsychotics are presented. The drugs included are amisulpride (n = 506), aripiprazole (n = 1610), clozapine (n = 1189), flupentixol (n = 215), haloperidol (n = 390), olanzapine (n = 10,268), perphenazine (n = 1065), quetiapine (
Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer located at different anatomical subsites may have distinct etiologies and risk factors. Previous studies that have examined this hypothesis have yielded inconsistent results, possibly because most studies have been of insufficient size to identify heterogeneous associations with precision. Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and N
Inledning När det gäller arbetsmarknadspolitik på det kommunala planet, har det ofta funnits utrymme för profession och politik att skapa och utforma lokala program. Utgångspunkterna har inte sällan varit ’innovativa idéer’ i syfte att tillgodose flera behov samtidigt. Sällan har verksamheterna vilat på forskning och beprövad erfarenhet. Systematisk uppföljning och kunskap om programmens konsekven
Background: A velocity offset error in phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a known problem in clinical assessment of flow volumes in vessels around the heart. Earlier studies have shown that this offset error is clinically relevant over different systems, and cannot be removed by protocol optimization. Correction methods using phantom measurements are time consuming,
A currency union is when several independent sovereign nations share a common currency. This has been a recurring phenomenon in monetary history. In this article I study the theoretical foundations of such unions, and discuss some important currency unions in history, most notably the case of the US. Finally I contrast the design of the EMU with economic theories and historical experiences of curr
Background: Cadmium is a toxic metal with multiple adverse health effects, including risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanistic link between cadmium and CVD is unclear. Our aim was to examine the associations between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and 88 potential protein biomarkers of CVD. Methods: B-Cd and 88 plasma proteins were measured in a community-based prospective cohort, the Malmö Diet
