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Superantigens (SAgs) are bacterial toxins that interact with immunoreceptors, T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, conventionally through the variable beta-domain of TCR (TCRV beta). They induce a massive release of cytokines, which can lead to diseases such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. In this study, we report the X-ray structure of the ternary

In breast cancer, high levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with disease-free survival and treatment resistance. Increased serum levels of IL-6 have been correlated with increased levels of NF-κβ and aromatase expression in adipose tissue. Several IL6 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with breast cancer prognosis, but the impact may diffe

Semiconductor nanowires have made a deep impact on materials science related research, and are being explored for applications in several disciplines. Many of these applications require heterostructures, which can be defined as the combination of two or more materials within the same nanowire structure. In this paper we briefly review the current state-of-the-art concerning epitaxial nanowire hete

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). T cells play a key role in the progression of neuroinflammation in MS and also in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models for the disease. A technology for quantitative and 3 dimensional (3D) spatial assessment of inflammation in this and other C

Research on media and democracy mobilizes a range of conceptual versions of the subject. This is often done implicitly, or out of habit, with a specific model becoming established in any given research tradition. This presentation argues that different theories of the subject can have different implications for our understanding of citizenship and democracy. The text surveys a number of versions,

Abstract in UndeterminedAbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the structural licensing and the semantics of the dative-DP in ditransitive constructions in German from a cognitive and construction grammar perspective.While the indirect object in constructions with prototypical ditransitive verbs is said to be a lexically selected argument of the verb, the indirect object in beneficiary di

Attosecond pulses allow the study of electrons on their natural timescale. They are created from the interaction of atoms with ultrashort, intense laser pulses whose electric field approaches the strength of inner-atomic electric fields. This thesis presents experiments around the generation, characterization and application of attosecond pulses. First, we study the influence of the atomic genera

Increasing nitrogen(N) deposition due to anthropogenic activities has become a significant global change threat to N-poor terrestrial ecosystems. We compared bacterial growth and nutrients limiting bacterial growth in one of the longest running experiments on increasing N-deposition to a temperate forest, the Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study at Harvard Forest, USA. Soil samples were collected in f

Popular Abstract in Swedish Intubationer (nedsättande av andningsslang i luftstrupen) i samband med generella anestesier kan påverka lungfunktionen med en sänkt arteriell syresättning (SpO2) som följd. Medel för inhalationsanestesi administreras och elimineras via andningsvägarna. Anestesimedlen tas upp i blodet från lungans alveoler genom diffusion och transporteras löst i blodplasma till hjärnanBackground and objective: General anaesthesia impairs respiratory function. The present studies were performed to compare arterial concentration of sevoflurane, oxygen and carbon dioxide in normal and overweight patients ventilated with increased tidal volume (VT), or normal tidal volume with and without PEEP. Methods: Prospective, randomised, clinical studies. ASA І and II abdominal surgery patie

We report a systematic study of the relationship between crystal quality and electrical properties of InAs nanowires grown by MOVPE and MBE, with crystal structure varying from wurtzite to zinc blende. We find that mixtures of these phases can exhibit up to 2 orders of magnitude higher resistivity than single-phase nanowires, with a temperature-activated transport mechanism. However, it is also fo

Alginate microbeads, produced by emulsion/internal gelation, were studied for the entrapment and microcultivation of microbial cells with biotechnological potential. An anaerobic consortium which was selected for its capacity to degrade complex carbohydrates, and a pure culture of cellulose degrading bacteria were used for entrapment studies. Optimization of conditions for the formation of spheric

In this study a new type of honeycomb-patterned micro-porous polyester fibre was used to develop good moisture absorption and quick drying properties of woven fabrics. Details of the development and after-finish processes of the fabrics were illustrated. The water transport, vapour transmission and quick dry properties of the seven different end products were also investigated. It was evident that

In our previous work, the agreement between the theoretical and measured wavelength for the 4f-M1 transition of Ag-like W shed light on the importance of a careful treatment of all core-valence correlation effects to obtain a reliable value of this fine structure energy separation. To confirm these results and extend the analysis isoelectronically, we have undertaken an experimental and theoretica

The Lund SSAMS machine has been in routine operation since 2004. We present results from the last year of operation of the facility. The reference sample IAEA C7 and the "old" oxalic acid, Oxl, were used as secondary standards. As primary standard for calculations the OxII was used. The background and long term stability of the facility are discussed. We also report on the quality of the C-13/C-12

We are entering a new era with governmental bodies taking an increasingly guiding role, gaining control of registries, demanding direct access with release of open public information for quality comparisons between hospitals. This review is written by physicians and scientists who have worked with the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) periodically since it began. It reviews the history of

Commitment to involuntary care is a multistage process comprising many different aspects; legal, psychological, medical, social and ethical among others. It can also be analyzed from the perspective of a continuum starting from the report to the social authorities, the evaluations on whether to commit or not, the actual commitment and aftercare following involuntary treatment. Enhancing knowledge

This study measures the impact of fanya juu terraces on the net value of crop income in a high-rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional multiple plot observations. Using propensity score matching methods we find that the net value of crop income for plots with fanya juu terraces is lower than for plots without fanya juu terraces. This finding makes it difficult to avoid concl

The emphasis here is the need to understand both the normative gap and the role of digital architecture in order to display the inherent challenge that copyright meets in a digital society. Consequently, in being a descriptively focused study, this article studies contemporary Hungarian copyright and contrasts this to the findings from a survey with over 500 respondents from the Hungarian file-sha