Energy distributions of slow electrons (0 to 10eV) emitted by thin layers of NaCl and KBr irradiated by monochromatic XUV photons with various energies in the interval of 50 to 300 eV are measured. For all cases the photoelectron spectrum starts with an intense peak of slow secondaries and has a hot-secondary structure at the energies 1 to 5 eV. The smaller the photon absorption depth, the stronge

Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy is a common tool for the study of the electronic structure of molecules and solids. However, the interpretation of spectra is sometimes made difficult by overlaying lines due to satellite transitions or close-lying core holes. Also, irrelevant inner core transitions may accidentally fall in the wavelength region under study. These problems, which often arise for sp

Soft x-ray emission spectra of TiN, excited by monochromatized synchrotron radiation, have been recorded in a grazing-incidence spectrometer. The tunability of the excitation energy has allowed the pure N K and Ti LIII emission spectra to be isolated for the first time. A new type of resonance is observed in the Ti L emission spectrum, and interpreted as due to the decay of a quasiatomic intermedi

A high resolution soft X-ray monochromator for the 550 MeV MAX storage ring is described. The instrument combines a plane elliptical premirror collecting a large (10 mrad) horizontal angle of radiation and a modified version of the well-known SX-700 plane grating monochromator (PGM). The modification consists of changing the original ellipsoidal focussing mirror to a plane elliptical mirror. There

The N6,7O4,5O4,5 Auger spectra of iridium, platinum, and gold have been measured. In conformity with the trends found in XVV spectra from the 3d- and 4d-series metals we find a change from bandlike toward quasiatomic behavior going from Ir to Au. The Auger spectrum from Ir is well described by a self-convolution of the valence band, thus showing a delocalized nature of the two-hole final state. Th

The experimental core-level spectra for the noble metals Cu, Ag, and Au are shown to contain intrinsic satellite features. In the case of Ag, however, the identification is somewhat less certain than for the other two metals. The satellites are interpreted as being due to d-valence-electron shakeup processes. This view is supported by calculations of the multiplet splittings and also by calculatio

This article explores practices of counter-conduct in Jerusalem. Its aims are threefold: (1) to deepen understandings of how practices of counter-conduct relates to the structures it aims to subvert; (2) to probe how counter-conduct is expressed through subjectivities that undermine and bolster relationships in the conflict; (3) to further understandings of resistance against Jerusalem’s urban pla

Many innovation studies have focused on a narrow concept of technological innovation, such as the generation of patents or the introduction of new products. The performance of firms, however, often depends on innovation defined from a broader perspective. This includes process, organizational, and market innovations as was pointed out already by Schumpeter and more recently by other scholars and t

Background - Contrast-enhanced steady state free precession (CE-SSFP) and T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR) have been clinically validated to estimate myocardium at risk (MaR) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance while using myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography as reference standard. Myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography has bee

The increase in demand for high-data rates on the move in the complex urbanenvironment requires either the allocation of new spectrum such as availablecontiguous spectrum in the mm-wave band or the use of novel configurationssuch as the application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)technology. To enable the design of efficient wireless networks, an understandingof the propagation phe

Factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIII:CAg) were investigated in 54 patients with hemophilia A of moderate or mild severity. The patients belonged to 28 kindreds. The study showed a genetically determined molecular variation within hemophilia A of both moderate and mild forms. Each form can be classified into 3 types according to the content of demonstrable V

BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigati

Targeted genome editing technology can correct the sickle cell disease mutation of the β-globin gene in hematopoietic stem cells. This correction supports production of red blood cells that synthesize normal hemoglobin proteins. Here, we demonstrate that Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 nuclease

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a modulator of neuronal transmission in mature neuronal systems, including the retina. Recently, NO has also been suggested to have a trophic function during development. We examined immunocytochemically the distribution of NO-producing cells in developing and transplanted rabbit retinas. An antibody detecting the neuronal isoform of its biosynthetic enzyme, nitric oxide

The expression of mRNA coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and for its functional receptor, the full-length tyrosine kinase receptor trkB (trkB mRNA), was examined in early postnatal and adult rat retina by in situ hybridization using digoxygenin and radioactively-labeled oligonucleotide probes. BDNF and trkB mRNAs are expressed in the ganglion cell layer at postnatal-days (PN) 1,

Surfactants have been the basis for applications in several industrial sectors for a long time. However, fundamental research was 50 years ago still limited to a small number of academic groups and even basic aspects were controversial. The field has since undergone an enormous expansion and the improved understanding has laid the basis of numerous new products as well as been the basis of importa

We have used visual and instrumental (EDXRF, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence) methods to analyse naturally occurring flint from Gotland and Öland. We compare the results with previously published analyses conducted on other types of flint. We identify two visually distinct types of flint from Gotland: grey flint and white/brown flint. The chemistry of the more common grey flint is unique comp

Background: The national programs for the harmonization of hemoglobin (Hb)A(1c) measurements in the US [National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)], Japan [Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS)/Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC)], and Sweden are based on different designated comparison methods (DCMs). The future basis for international standardization will be the reference system