We develop a method for patterning a buried two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in silicon using low kinetic energy electron stimulated desorption (LEESD) of a monohydride resist mask. A buried 2DEG forms as a result of placing a dense and narrow profile of phosphorus dopants beneath the silicon surface; a so-called δ -layer. Such 2D dopant profiles have previously been studied theoretically, and

The relative contributions of fabric and foam on important fire hazard parameters as measured in the cone calorimeter were determined for various mock‐up combinations. Three commercial types of high‐resilience PU flexible slabstock foams, representing a wide range of combustion performance, were combined with three different fabrics: polyester, polypropylene and combustion‐modified cotton. Total h

Immunoreactivity to antisera raised against scrotonin, a biogenic amine, and FMRFamide, a neuropeptide, reveals two different populations of neurons in the nervous system of Hutchinsoniella macracantha. Neural transmission may thus use at least transmitter substances that are found in other crustaceans and invertebrates.

The structure of the aesthetascs has been investigated in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (larvae and juveniles), the opossum shrimp Neomysis integer, the euphausid Meganyctiphanes, and in the water-fleas Daphnia magna and D. longispina. The aesthetascs, that are thought to represent olfactory receptors, exhibit a considerable structural variation, ranging from the well known aesthetascs of hi

The wine and beer yeast Dekkera bruxellensis thrives in environments that are harsh and limiting, especially in concentrations with low oxygen and high ethanol. Its different strains' chromosomes greatly vary in number (karyotype). This study isolates two novel centromeric loci (CEN1 and CEN2), which support both the yeast's autonomous replication and the stable maintenance of plasmids. In the seq

Resistance to life-saving antibiotics increases rapidly worldwide, and multiresistant bacteria have become a global threat to human health. Presently, the most serious threat is the increasing spread of Enterobacteriaceae carrying genes coding for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases on highly mobile plasmids. We here demonstrate how optical DNA maps of single plasmids can be u

Soot emissions from diesel engines are the net result of two competing processes: soot formation and soot oxidation. Previous studies have shown poor correlation between soot formation rates and the soot emissions. This article presents a systematic study of a number of parameters affecting soot oxidation rate and how it correlates with the soot emissions. An optical heavy-duty engine is used in c

This study focuses on the relative importance of O2 and OH as oxidizers of soot during the late cycle in diesel engines, where the soot oxidation is characterized in an optically accessible engine using laser extinction measurements. These are combined with in cylinder gas sampling data from a single cylinder engine fitted with a fast gas sampling valve. Both measurements confirm that the in-cylin

The aim of this study was to illuminate spouses' perceptions of living with a partner who had been diagnosed with rectal cancer followed by surgery resulting in a stoma. The focus group interview was chosen as method of data collection. Two focus group interviews consisting of 2 meetings each were conducted. A qualitative content analysis was used. Five themes emerged: difficulties of being involv

The Middle Ordovician (Dapingian–middle Darriwilian) “orthoceratite limestone” is documented in its traditional type area at Kinnekulle in the province of Västergötland in southern Sweden. Detailed field studies combined with systematic qualitative and quantitative analyses of carbonate microfacies at high stratigraphic resolution show that this suite of cool-water carbonate rocks is more variable

In 1920, the working day in Swedish manufacturing and services was cut from 10 to 8 hours without wages being cut correspondingly. Since workers demanded and got the same daily wage working 8 hours as they had with 10, real hourly wages increased dramatically; they were about 50% higher in 1921–1922 than they had been in 1919. This is the largest wage push in Swedish history, and this paper studie

Constructed wetlands have been increasingly used for treatment of secondary wastewater containing various contaminants. This paper presents a Variable Residence Time (VART)-based model, called VART-BOD model, for simulation of BOD removal processes in constructed wetlands with free water surface (FWS). Mathematically, the VART-BOD model describes a free water surface wetland with three vertical la

Background Head-up tilt test (HUT) has been used for nearly 30 years for diagnosing vasovagal syncope (VVS) and was enhanced by sublingual nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate [GTN]) challenge in the 1990s. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore neuroendocrine differences between spontaneous and drug-induced HUT positivity. Methods Two hundred eighty-eight patients (41.3% male, age 49 ±