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Dissolution driven crack branching in polycarbonate

Stress corrosion, in the form of chemically assisted crack growth, in polycarbonate is examined with focus on crack branching characteristics. Cracks with finite width are observed; this is to be expected for dissolution driven cracking. The cracks branched repeatedly and crack widths before and after branching are measured. Both symmetric and asymmetric branching is found. The dissolution rate is

Grading breast cancer tissues using molecular portraits.

Tumor progression and prognosis of breast cancer patients is difficult to assess using current clinical and laboratory parameters, where a pathological grading is indicative of tumor aggressiveness. This grading is based on assessment of nuclear grade, tubule formation, and mitotic rate. We report here the first protein signatures associated with histological grades of breast cancer, using a novel

A winning strategy? The employment of women and firm longevity during industrialisation

Why do certain firms prosper and grow old while other firms fail? Established knowledge tells us that longevity is related to the firm's ability to adapt to market conditions, through product diversification, learning-by-doing and adopting new strategies regarding technology, human resources and management. By estimating duration models using new data covering the entire Swedish tobacco industry,

Keeping It Steady. Older Adults Perform More Consistently on Cognitive Tasks Than Younger Adults

People often attribute poor performance to having bad days. Given that cognitive aging leads to lower average levels of performance and more moment-to-moment variability, one might expect that older adults should show greater day-to-day variability and be more likely to experience bad days than younger adults. However, both researchers and ordinary people typically sample only one performance per

Variants at chromosome 20 (ASIP locus) and melanoma risk

Agouti signaling protein (ASIP) locus on chromosome 20q11 is implicated, as shown by genome-wide association studies, in phenotype variation and melanoma risk. We genotyped 837 melanoma cases and 1,154 controls for 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) informative for 495 polymorphisms at the locus. Our data showed an increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [9

Everolimus combined with gefitinib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Phase 1/2 results and signaling pathway implications.

The effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition are limited by feedback reactivation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in phosphatase and tensin homolog-null tumors. Thus, this study tested the combination of mTOR inhibition (everolimus) and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition (gefitinib) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

A serious bleeding complication with injury of the corona mortis with the TVT-Secur procedure

We report a serious complication following a TVT-Secur procedure due to injury of the corona mortis requiring a surgical intervention for removal of 1 l of clotted blood from the space of Retzius. The corona mortis is an anomaly of the vessel combining the obturator and epigastric arteries passing over the superior pubic ramus, well known to hernia and orthopedic surgeons but probably less well kn

Consolidation and development roadmap of the EMI middleware

Scientific research communities have benefited recently from the increasing availability of computing and data infrastructures with unprecedented capabilities for large scale distributed initiatives. These infrastructures are largely defined and enabled by the middleware they deploy. One of the major issues in the current usage of research infrastructures is the need to use similar but often incom

Urinary diversion: how experts divert.

To determine the rates of the available urinary diversion options for patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in different settings (pioneering institutions, leading urologic oncology centers, and population based).

Momentary Contentment: A Modern Version of an Old Survival Culture

This is a classic grounded theory based in longitudinal data from everyday life in an environment in Northern Norway characterized by long distances, a harsh climate and people living close to nature and each other. The place has a history of poverty and isolation. Yet, old survival strategies prevail despite modernisation. The theory reveals a culture of momentary contentment with three dimension

Fleeing the Flowing Commons: Robert Thom, Water Reservoir Schemes, and the Shift to Steam Power in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain

In the 1820s and 1830s, British industry faced a choice between two energy sources to fuel its expansion: water and coal. A series of water reservoir schemes were proposed to scale up the power capacity of rivers in the central manufacturing districts, but the schemes with the largest potentials were never realized. Instead, the industry veered toward steam power, fatefully linking self-sustaining

Public Faith and the Common Good : A Radical Messianic Proposal

The article inquires into the implications of Christianity not being a religious perspective among others in the contemporary Western debate on religious pluralism. A quick glance at a recent debate in Sweden serves to demonstrate how Christianity, although marginalized in its traditional forms, remains a dominating cultural interpretative scheme that continues to influence the majority’s view on

Making marketswith active labor market policies: the influence of political parties, welfare state regimes, and economic change on spending on different types of policies

Active labor market policies consist of a diverse set of policy tools with which to address joblessness and the degree to which governments invest in various policies as a response to rising unemployment varies widely. Fleshing out the determinants by policy type holds the promise of illuminating more clearly contestation over activation. To this end, this study analyzes the role of partisanship a

Animal Orientation Strategies for Movement in Flows

For organisms that fly or swim, movement results from the combined effects of the moving medium - air or water - and the organism's own locomotion. For larger organisms, propulsion contributes significantly to progress but the flow usually still provides significant opposition or assistance, or produces lateral displacement ('drift'). Animals show a range of responses to flows, depending on the di

Diagnostic properties of metabolic perturbations in rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by measuring selected metabolic biomarkers. Methods: We compared the metabolic profile of patients with RA with that of healthy controls and patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsoA). The metabolites were measured using two different chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms, thereby giv

Sales Maximization or Profit Maximization? How State Shareholders Discipline their CEOs in China*

This study examines the determinants of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover in Chinese state-owned firms. Based on a sample of 1 555 turnover cases among listed firms in China during the period 19992003, we obtain three main results. First, CEO turnover is negatively related to the sales performance but not the profitability of the core business. Second, the negative relationship between CEO tu

Evidence for SMAD3 as a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Introduction: Current attempts to identify genetic modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated risk have focused on a candidate gene approach, based on knowledge of gene functions, or the development of large genome-wide association studies. In this study, we evaluated 24 SNPs tagged to 14 candidate genes derived through a novel approach that analysed gene expression differences to prioritise candidat

tmRNA to the rescue Structural motives for the salvage of stalled ribosomes

During translation, mRNA molecules are incidentally damaged, leaving the ribosome unable to reach or recognize the stop codon and thus stalled with mRNA and a potentially harmful polypeptide product attached to tRNA in the ribosomal P-site. In bacteria, a process called trans-translation has evolved, where a protein-RNA complex (smpB-tmRNA) mimicks the role of aminoacyl charged tRNA in the ribosom