The responses of the benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima to nutrient stress induced by unbalanced N:P ratios were the subject of this study. Batch cultures of P. lima cells were grown under NP sufficient (N as nitrate and ammonium) and deficient conditions, and the cell growth and toxicity were followed for eight weeks. P. lima grew slowly in all nutrient conditions and net growth rate

We use a 2-dimensional (2-D) Vernier gated-ring-oscillator (GRO) time-to-digital-converter (TDC) in a cascade structure (MASH), so that a larger raw quantization step can be allowed without sacrificing the final resolution performance. The 2-D approach effectively reduces the latency time under a large input, while the MASH structure provides a 2nd-order noise shaping that produces a lower in-band

Leukocyte migration into the epithelial compartment is an important feature in the active phase of mycobacterial infections. In this study, we used the Transwell model to investigate the mechanisms behind mycobacteria-induced leukocyte recruitment and investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in this process. Infection of epithelial cells resulted in significantly increased secretion of the neutrophi

We present high-precision relative radial velocities of the very low mass star VB 10 that were obtained over a time span of 0.61 years as part of an ongoing search for planets around stars at the end of the main sequence. The radial velocities were measured from high-resolution near-infrared spectra obtained using the CRIRES instrument on the Very Large Telescope with an ammonia gas cell. The typi

The delivery of emulsified silicone oil to hydrophilic silica surfaces by mixtures of cationic polysaccharides and SDS has been studied by in situ null ellipsometry, dynamic light scattering, and turbidity measurements. The emulsion contained silicone oil droplets with a hydrodynamic radius of 18 rim, stabilized by anionic and nonionic surfactants. The investigated polysaccharides were cat-guar an

C1q is the central pattern-recognition molecule in the classical pathway of the complement system and is known to have a key role in the crossroads between adaptive and innate immunity. Hereditary C1q deficiency is a rare genetic condition strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. However, the clinical symptoms may vary. For long, t

The predominantly populated conformation of carbohydrates in solution does not necessarily represent the biologically active species; rather, any conformer accessible without too large an energy penalty may be present in a biological pathway. Thus, the conformational preferences of a naphthyl xyloside, which initiates in vivo synthesis of antiproliferative glycosaminoglycans, have been studied by

The effect of citric acid (CA) on starch films has been examined. A new method to detect cross-linking of starch by CA in solution-cast films by molecular weight measurements is described. Furthermore, we managed to distinguished between free, mono- and di-esterified CA and quantify di-ester content within starch films by using a modification in the method of complexometric titration with copper(I

The separation behavior of small single-stranded from double-stranded DNA molecules has been determined on a multimodal (mixed-mode) chromatography system. The resin used is a strong anion exchanger which also modulates hydrophobic recognition. The intrinsic differences between single- and double-stranded DNAs concerning charge, hydrophobicity and three-dimensional structure render this form of MM

We aimed to study differences in the prescribing of warfarin, aspirin and statins to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in socio-economically diverse neighborhoods. We also aimed to explore the effects of neighborhood deprivation on the relationship between CHADS2 risk score and warfarin prescription.

In three quasi-experimental studies, we investigated the effects of placing a Teachable Agent (TA) from a math game in a digital summative test. We hypothesized that the TA would affect test performance, even without actual "teachability", by social influence on the test situation. In Study 1 (N=47), students did a pretest, played the math game for seven weeks, and did a posttest either with or wi

Context: The incretin effect is the augmented insulin secretion by oral versus intravenous glucose at matching glucose levels. We previously demonstrated an augmented insulin secretion when fat is given orally rather than intravenously, suggesting an incretin effect also after fat. However, whether there is an incretin effect is also present after amino acid ingestion is not known. Objective: To e

We present a combined core-level spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction study of the evolution of thin CuI layers on graphene/Ni(111) during annealing. It has been found that the annealing of the CuI/graphene/Ni(111) system up to 160 degrees C results in the formation of an ordered CuI overlayer with a (root 3 x root 3) R30 degrees structure on top of the graphene surface. At annealing t

BACKGROUND: Recently, a leveling off in hip-fracture incidence has been reported in several settings, but the annual number is nonetheless predicted to increase due to the growing elderly population. METHODS: Using Swedish national data for 1987-2002 for all inpatients 50 years or older, we examined the annual number and incidence of hip fractures and explored age, period, and cohort effects. Ag