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Background The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in adults as well as in children. Previous studies have reported a wide range of fracture incidences. Scaphoid fractures and non-unions in children have been sparsely investigated. Aim To perform a systematic review of the current literature on epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions in adults and children. Methods An ele
We demonstrate that the method of interleaved resampling in the context of parton showers can tremendously improve the statistical convergence of weighted parton shower evolution algorithms. We illustrate this by several examples showing significant statistical improvement.
Background: User involvement is a requirement of most research funders. There is a growing body of literature exploring the benefits and challenges of user involvement in research, but such studies are scarce in the field of aging and health. Moreover, the majority of such research is qualitative, which limits the generalizability of results. The UserAge panel study will be instrumental in expandi
Ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete med fokus på alla åldrar bör fokusera på människors förmåga och vilja att arbeta, exempelvis genom en modell med fyra olika sfärer som relaterar till olika sätt att definiera ålder.Den första sfären handlar om hälsoeffekter och relaterar till den biologiska åldern. De andra sfärerna rör privatekonomi, stöd och gemenskap samt arbetstagarnas möjligheter att utföra
Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) belong to a well characterized group of metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbonic dioxide into bicarbonate. There are currently 15 known human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase with different functions and distribution in the body. This links to the relevance of hCA variants to several diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness, ulcers, osteo
The hallmark of sex chromosome evolution is the progressive suppression of recombination which leads to subsequent degeneration of the non-recombining chromosome. In birds, species belonging to the two major clades, Palaeognathae (including tinamous and flightless ratites) and Neognathae (all remaining birds), show distinctive patterns of sex chromosome degeneration. Birds are female heterogametic
We present next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections to the dominant five angular coefficients parametrizing the Drell–Yan process in the Z-boson mass peak range for finite-pT vector boson production. The results are presented differentially in the vector boson transverse momentum. The Lam–Tung violating difference A- A2 is examined alongside the coefficients. A single lepton transverse
Neural stem cell populations generate a wide spectrum of neuronal and glial cell types in a highly ordered fashion. MicroRNAs are essential regulators of this process. T-UCstem1 is a long non-coding RNA containing an ultraconserved element, and in vitro analyses in pluripotent stem cells provided evidence that it regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Here we investigate
Background: Screening across a multitude of normal and malignant tissues revealed an enhanced expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 superfamily member D (LY6D) in squamous epithelium and urothelium, as well as in malignancies derived therefrom. The aim of this study was to further delineate the protein expression of LY6D in urothelial bladder cancer, with particular attention to its relationship with
At the time of cancer diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) is inversely correlated with lung cancer risk, which may reflect reverse causality and confounding due to smoking behavior. We used two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal relationships of BMI and smoking behaviors on lung cancer and histological subtypes based on an aggregated genome-wide assoc
Ultrathin films of quaterthiophene (4T) were deposited on a Ag(111) surface by vacuum sublimation and characterized with respect to their geometric and electronic properties using several surface-sensitive techniques. For the monolayer (1 ML), a long-range ordered superstructure is found by electron diffraction (LEED). This is commensurate to the Ag(111) surface due to covalent bonding of the "fla
The adsorption of thiophene and 2,2′-bithiophene on Ag(111) was studied using temperature programmed desorption and near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS). The assignment of the NEXAFS resonances is supported by Xα scattered-wave calculations. For thiophene we identify a compressed and a relaxed monolayer species. Whereas the molecules in the latter state are adsorbed parallel to the s
We report on C 1s and N 1s near-edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS) investigations of highly oriented ultrathin films of 2,5-dimethyl-N,N′-dicyanoquinonediimine (DMe-DCNQI), tetracyano-quinonedimethane (TCNQ), and 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMe-BQ) adsorbed on Ag(111). Several sharp resonances are resolved in the spectra indicating the localized electronic structure of these quinoide molecules. The
DMe-DCNQI forms highly-ordered ultrathin films on various single crystal surfaces. NEXAFS reveals flat lying molecules for all investigated film thicknesses (up to 40 layers) on nearly all substrates under investigation (Ag(111), Ag(100), Cu(100), Cu(111)). The C1s and N1s NEXAFS spectra of these condensed layers show several very sharp resonances. The comparison with the quinoide molecules TCNQ a
A workshop entitled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" was hosted by the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine in collaboration with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation. The event was held fr
Interesting optical properties are obtained if highly ordered interfaces and thin films of large organic molecules are prepared on an atomically flat and clean substrate. Then the optical spectra are very different from those of conventional films and reveal a variety of finestructures. On the basis of one example, quaterthiophene on Ag(111), it is demonstrated that long-range ordered monolayers w
On the basis of the example of quaterthiophene (4T) on a Ag(111) surface, we demonstrate that epitaxial thin films can be prepared on a single crystalline substrate under suitable conditions. Optical spectra of such 4T films exhibit a highly resolved fine structure similar to that of isolated molecules. The detailed spectroscopic information thus obtained yields new insight into questions such as
Thin films (less than 40 Å) of quaterthiophene (4T) were vapour deposited onto a Ag(111) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and were investigated concerning their geometrical structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and optical spectroscopy, respectively. Two different structural phases (α and β) were observed, which exhibit high structural order,
