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HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) triggers autophagic tumor cell death.

HAMLET, a complex of partially unfolded alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid, kills a wide range of tumor cells. Here we propose that HAMLET causes macroautophagy in tumor cells and that this contributes to their death. Cell death was accompanied by mitochondrial damage and a reduction in the level of active mTOR and HAMLET triggered extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and the formation of double-memb

Lower educational level is a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in European countries: The EPIC-InterAct study.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. In high-income countries, low socioeconomic status seems to be related to a high incidence of T2DM, but very little is known about the intermediate factors of this relationship. METHOD: We performed a case-cohort study in eight Western European countries nested in the EPIC study (n = 340 234, 3.99

Nesfatin-1 stimulates glucagon and insulin secretion and beta cell NUCB2 is reduced in human type 2 diabetic subjects.

Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorexigenic regulatory peptide. The peptide is the N-terminal part of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) and is expressed in brain areas regulating feeding. Outside the brain, nesfatin-1 expression has been reported in adipocytes, gastric endocrine cells and islet cells. We studied NUCB2 expression in human and rodent islets using immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and western b

Prediction of glaucomatous visual field loss by extrapolation of linear trends.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how well short-term progression rates can predict long-term visual field outcomes in patients with glaucoma. METHODS: We calculated visual field rates of progression using linear regression analysis of the Visual Field Index (VFI) for 100 consecutive patients with glaucoma having 10 or more Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm standard field tests. Final VFI was pre

Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Does Not Reduce Enteric Bacteria or Bacterial Translocation in Patients Undergoing Colon Resection.

BACKGROUND: Probiotics may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. This randomized trial investigated the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the intestinal load of potentially pathogenic bacteria, bacterial translocation, and cell proliferation in elective colon surgery. METHODS: Seventy-five patients were randomized to pre- and postoperative oral intake of L

Evolution of P-wave morphology in healthy individuals: a 3-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Orthogonal P-wave morphology in healthy men and women has been described using unfiltered signal-averaged technique and holds information on interatrial conduction. The stability of P-wave morphology in healthy subjects over time is not fully known. METHODS: Sixty-seven healthy volunteers were investigated (29 males, aged 63 +/- 14 years, 48 females, 60 +/- 13 years). Orthogonal lead d

Phase of the Atomic Polarization In High-order Harmonic-generation

A recently formulated theory of high-order harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields [Anne L'Huillier et al., Phys. Rev. A 48, R3433 (1993)] allows us to study the phase of the induced atomic dipole moment. We show that this phase exhibits a piecewise-linear dependence on the laser intensity. This dependence can be interpreted in quasiclassical terms, and is related to the action acquired

Sustainable consumption and resource management in the light of life cycle thinking

Approaches to address unsustainable ways of societal development constantly proliferate, but total consumption of resources and aggregate environmental impacts continue rising. This could partially be explained by weak attempts to develop comprehensive sustainability strategies that address the entire life cycle of products and especially resource extraction and use phases. This paper seeks to exp

Sequence analysis of HIV-1 isolates from Guinea-Bissau: selection of vaccine epitopes relevant in both West African and European countries.

For a CD8 epitope-based vaccine to match different geographic locations, the targeted epitopes for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) must be present in the local circulating HIV-1 strains. Secondly, the vaccine epitopes should match the host population HLA types. We characterized two new HIV-1 isolates from Guinea-Bissau. Also, we have identified 15 subdominant CD8 epitopes representing common HLA su

Characterization of a rat model of Huntington's disease based on targeted expression of mutant huntingtin in the forebrain using adeno-associated viral vectors.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin (htt) gene. Neuropathology is most severe in the striatum and cerebral cortex. As mutant htt is ubiquitously expressed, it has not been possible to establish clear structure-to-function relationships for the clinical aspects. In the present study, we have injected recombinant adeno-as

Blood substitution and complement activation.

Complement activation was studied in 45 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups. In Group I blood loss was replaced with microaggregate-poor erythrocyte concentrate (SAGM-ERC) plus 3% dextran-60 as plasma substitute, and postoperative analgesia was maintained with intramuscular ketobemidone. In Group II blood loss w

Targeting p53 in Vivo: A First-in-Human Study With p53-Targeting Compound APR-246 in Refractory Hematologic Malignancies and Prostate Cancer.

PURPOSEAPR-246 (PRIMA-1MET) is a novel drug that restores transcriptional activity of unfolded wild-type or mutant p53. The main aims of this first-in-human trial were to determine maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of APR-246. PATIENTS AND METHODSAPR-246 was administered as a 2-hour intravenous infusion once per day for 4 consecutive d

The idic(X)(q13) in myeloid malignancies: breakpoint clustering in segmental duplications and association with TET2 mutations.

Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with an isodicentric X chromosome [idic(X)(q13)] occur in elderly women and frequently display ringed sideroblasts. Because of the rarity of idic(X)(q13), little is known about its formation, whether a fusion gene is generated, and patterns of additional aberrations. We here present a SNP array study of 14 idic(X)-positive myeloid malignancies,

Recreational values of the natural environment in relation to neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this population-based study was to investigate associations between recreational values of the close natural environment and neighbourhood satisfaction, physical activity, obesity and wellbeing. METHODS: Data from a large public health survey distributed as a mailed questionnaire in suburban and rural areas of southern Sweden were used (N = 24,819; 59% participation rate). G

Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Antibodies and Risk of Subsequent Head and Neck Cancer.

PURPOSEHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is causing an increasing number of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and Europe. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV antibodies are associated with head and neck cancer risk when measured in prediagnostic sera. METHODSWe identified 638 participants with incident head and neck cancers (patients; 180 oral cancers, 135 oro

Renal function is mostly preserved in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Objective: Chronic renal disease other than scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is not well documented in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We examined the occurrence of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a large consecutive SSc cohort and analysed whether it was related to SSc or could be related to other causes. Methods: During 1983-2004 GFR was measured by chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic a

Institutions, Equity and Distribution of Resources in Kgatleng District, Botswana

During Botswana’s four decades of high levels of growth the agricultural sector has lagged behind and productivity among smallholders has been especially poor. In the article an equity perspective is applied in the analysis. The main claim is that one important explanation for the current lack of agricultural development is the unequal distribution of agricultural resources. It takes into account

Situational patterns in coping with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

The complexities involved in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (primary SS) were examined by designing and testing an instrument for evaluating the occurrence and severity of various biopsychosocial stressors as perceived by primary SS patients (63 women, 6 men) and at examining the situational patterns involved in appraising and coping with stressful episodes. The results indicated symptoms of fatigue,