BACKGROUND: Pulsation in the flow velocity waveform in the umbilical vein is related to perinatal mortality but the flow velocity waveform in the fetal vein of Galen is normally even and without fluctuation. OBJECTIVES: To establish whether blood flow velocity pulsations in the vein of Galen in high-risk pregnancies are related to outcome. STUDY DESIGN: The vein of Galen was located by colour Dopp

Motivation: Genome-wide gene expression measurements, as currently determined by the microarray technology, can be represented mathematically as points in a high-dimensional gene expression space. Genes interact with each other in regulatory networks, restricting the cellular gene expression profiles to a certain manifold, or surface, in gene expression space. To obtain knowledge about this manifo

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the induction and the morphology of epithelial damage, and of the ensuing epithelial restitution processes in allergic airways. OBJECTIVE: To examine epithelial damage and restitution in allergen challenged guinea-pig trachea. METHODS: Whole-mount techniques, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, cryosectioning, and histochemical staining were used. Cell

Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha gene (HNF-1 alpha, now known as the transcription factor 1 gene [TCF1]) cause the most common monogenic form of diabetes, MODY3, but it is not known if common variants in HNF-1a are associated with decreased transcriptional activity or phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes, or whether they predict future type 2 diabetes. We studied the effect of f

Background: Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy has emerged as a recognized operative method for inguinal hernia repair. This study compared the short-term results of two tension-free methods of repair: totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic patch repair and the open Lichtenstein mesh technique. Methods: A total of 1513 men from 11 hospitals who presented with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were

Certain strains of group A streptococci are known to bind IgA and/or IgG via a cell surface receptor, which may act as a virulence factor. The distribution of such receptors among routine clinical isolates was studied, using a total of 225 strains and an assay based on the binding of radiolabelled immunoglobulins. Among 194 throat strains isolated during three different time periods in two differe

Six cysteine proteinase inhibitors were isolated from human urine by affinity chromatography on insolubilized carboxymethylpapain followed by ion-exchange chromatography and immunosorption. Physicochemical and immunochemical measurements identified one as cystatin A, one as cystatin B, one as cystatin C, one as cystatin S, and one as low molecular weight kininogen. The sixth inhibitor displayed im

Airway epithelial repair, by cell migration over a denuded, intact basement membrane, occurs rapidly in vivo. The present study examines microcirculation-derived factors in the reepithelialization process in the guinea pig. A well-defined tracheal zone was gently deepithelialized; no bleeding occurred and the basement membrane was left intact. Plasma exudation was visualized by use of iv colloidal

We compare weak- and strong-coupling theory of counterion-mediated electrostatic interactions between two asymmetrically charged plates with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Analytical results in both weak- and strong-coupling limits compare excellently with simulations in their respective regimes of validity. The system shows a surprisingly rich structure in terms of interactions between the su

Animal models have been used extensively to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of human neurodegenerative diseases, and are an essential component in the development of therapeutic interventions for these disorders. In recent years, technical advances in imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed the use of these techniq

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. Elevated intrabolus pressure above a pharyngeal narrowing has been postulated as an important finding in patients with cricopharyngeal bars. To elucidate the significance of intrabolus pressure around lumen narrowings in the pharynx, intraluminal pressure characteristics were evaluated in a laboratory model simulating upper esophageal sphincter narrowing. METHODS. Intralu

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of the Motivation for Change Questionnaire (MCQ) and to test its intra-patient reliability on musculoskeletal pain patients in interdisciplinary rehabilitation as a basis for use in rehabilitation planning. Method. The MCQ questionnaire was developed from a literature search in the Medline, Cinahl and Psychlit databases concerning

Molecular profiling for classification and prognostic purposes has demonstrated that the genetic signatures of tumors contain information regarding biological properties as well as clinical behavior. This review highlights the progress that has been made in the field of gene expression profiling of human breast cancer. Breast cancer has become one of the most intensely studied human malignancies i

Phenyl S-galabiosides display altered conformational properties, as compared to phenyl O-galabiosides, characterised by a remote effect on the galabiose intersaccharidic glycoside bond by the phenyl aglycon, resulting in significantly lowered affinity for the PapG class II adhesin of uropathogenic E. coli.

Non-invasive documentation of historic façades with fluorescence lidar techniques can provide helpful information for the cultural heritage sector, especially when large areas outdoors are to be examined. This paper presents a case study on the Coliseum, Rome, where both cleaned and heavily soiled areas of the monument were scanned and analysed with two fluorescence lidar systems. Biodeterioration

Here we present a Zn transporter cDNA named MtZIP2 from the model legume Medicago truncatula. MtZIP2 encodes a putative 37 kDa protein with 8-membrane spanning domains and has moderate amino acid identity with the Arabidopsis thaliana Zn transporter AtZIP2p. MtZIP2 complemented a Zn-uptake mutant of yeast implying that the protein encoded by this gene can transport Zn across the yeast's plasma mem

Objective— Myocardial infarction (MI) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of MI in nonsmoking, nondiabetic men with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs). Methods and Results— Five ISPs ({alpha}1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen