The point of departure in this chapter is that citizenship is constructed and re-constructed through both formal regulations and societal practice. Hence citizenship is understood both as formal relations between the state and the individual, manifested in constitutional rights and duties, but also as a social citizenship that depends on prevailing power relations. Being included as a citizen thus

Popular Abstract in English Proteins are a big biological molecules that help cells to function. Proteins play important roles in all vital processes of the living cell, transporting molecules, speeding up chemical reactions, supporting structure of other proteins and the cell, helping the cell to move. Various disease-causing agents (e.g. bacteria and viruses) are constant threat to us. It is thMost drugs act on biomacromolecules. The Cost of developing new drugs is very high. A method to accurately predict binding affinities would be very useful. We have studied molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface--area solvation (MM/GBSA) and alchemical free energy perturbation methods (FEP) for use in calculations of ligand binding energies. For the MM/GBSA method we have tested: Ca

One of the most important goals on solar collector development is to increase the system’s annual performance without increasing overproduction. The studied collector is formed by a compound parabolic reflector which decreases the collector optical efficiency during the summer period. Hence, it is possible to increase the collector area and thus, the annual solar fraction, without increasing the o

Capillary porous systems. Thermodynamical equilibrium and stability water meniscus. Mathematical treatment. Effect of salts, osmotic pressure.

In 1999 Sweden and Denmark were physically, linked for the first time by, a bridge bringing the countries even closer. The bridge connects the capital area of Denmark and the south part of Sweden in an area called the Oresund region. At a national level there is a mutual political interest to create an integrated market in the Oresund region and in a wider perspective the bridge is a physical cont

This paper describes the active burst distance for convolutional codes. The unequal error protection for information sequences are used to formulate a theorem on the error-correcting capability of the generator matrix and set state paths in the encoder state-transition diagram correspond to code sequences. Therefore the active-distance concepts are used to characterize the error patterns

In order to increase reuse, a number of product versions may be)", developed based on the same software platform. The platform must, however, be managed and updated according to new requirements if it should be reusable in a series of releases. This means that the platform is constantly changed during its lifecycle, and changes can result in degradation of the platform. In this paper, a measuremen