The determination of a state’s right of self-defence is a complex process. In order for the use of force to be justifiable as an act of self-defence several criteria have to be fulfilled. According to Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations a right of self-defence only exists when an armed attack has occurred. This is interesting because it had for a long time been argued, by states and in

De första mikrosekunderna efter Big Bang (den stora smällen) tros det ha bildats något som kallas kvark-gluonplasma. Kvark-gluonplasma består av kvarkar och gluoner, som är så kallade elementärpartiklar. Elementärpartiklar är de minsta kända beståndsdelarna. Kvarkarna bygger upp större partiklar som kallas hadroner, exempel på hadroner är protonen och neutronen som atomkärnan består av. Det som håIn high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a state of matter called quark-gluon plasma (QGP) can be created. The production of particles from the QGP can be described by different models, one of these is the blast-wave model. The blast-wave model describes the production of particles from the QGP, not from jets. The model was fitted to the existing transverse momentum spectra (pT) for pions, kaons and p

The relationship between macroeconomic variables and the stock market index has been studied by a large number of academics and practitioners over the last two decades. However,even though the stock market in China has been in rapid development, the similar studies concerning China remain relatively insufficient. This study examines the relationship between the China’s stock market and a set of ma

This thesis examines remittances effect on development in less developed counties through human capital attainment, by evaluating the evidence for remittances effect on girls’ primary education. Remittances, the sum of money migrants send back to a household when migrating to work, have potential to contribute to development by directly supplying families with additional income. A major inhibitor

Undersökningen syftar till att undersöka vilken bild av sexualitet som har förts ut i svenska sexualundervisningsböcker under 1900-talet eftersom att detta påverkar barn och ungdomars syn på sexualitet. Undersökningens frågeställningar lyder enligt följande: ”hur framställs sexuella identiteter och sexualiteter i svenska sexualundervisningsböcker från 1956-1988?”, samt ”hur framställs kroppen i fö

Voluntary Sector Organisation Public Partnerships (IOP) are a new collaboration form for voluntary and public organisations aiming to give financial support to a welfare service provided by the voluntary actor. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent a voluntary organisation can be independent in order to be able to advocate as an IOP-participant. The object of study is the Red Cross an

How do decision makers problematize unestablished EU citizens in terms of the Swedish welfare model? By utilizing Carol Bacchi’s critical policy analysis de-scribed as ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’, the aim of this study is partly to identify and map out what problem representations are made by Swedish deci-sion makers, and partly to illustrate how to understand these by means of the wel

The Populist Radical Right party family consists of parties often stigmatized by the political establishment around Europe and is regarded as a rather heterogeneous party family in comparison with other traditional party families in Europe. By comparing Populist Radical Right parties using methods found in the academic literature on party families, this study sets out to test the cohesiveness of t

Since the year of 2015 to current date we have witnessed border controls being established within the European free movement region - the Schengen area. An intensified threat of terrorism and uncontrolled movement of people in the Schengen area has created skepticism towards the agreement itself. The objective of this case study is to examine the Schengen agreement's impact on the area's s

The cross-border regions of are often described as the heart of European integration, creating a unique platform for integration. Yet, many regions are struggling with economic disparities and low regional productivity. The levels of productivity in a region are closely linked to the size of a market. Could increase integration increase the levels of productivity in European cross-border regions?

Sweden has no legislated regulation for lobbying, but there is a huge on going discussion about the benefits and disadvantages with lobbying related to democratic values. This essay is studying parliamentary bills from 2000-2015, which has been raised in the question and the essay is embracing a democratic view where Robert Dahl’s theory about democracy is used as a foundation to the ideal types o

This thesis analyses political leadership by the President of the European Commission after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. In the elections to the European Parliament 2014 a direct link was for the first time established between election results and the election of the President of the European Commission. The study is a single-case study of Jean-Claude Juncker in the period before for

Allt sedan Internet introducerades på 1990-talet har mycket förändrats i världen och juridik är inget undantag. Genom internet skapades en ny koppling mellan copyright och Internationell Privaträtt, detta för att copyrightintrång blev transnationella till en högre utsträckning och började ske genom massmediala kanaler. Sedan denna förändring får nu Copyright och Internationell Privaträtt arbeta tiSince the emergence of the Internet in the early 1990’s a lot has changed in the world and the area of law is no exception. Important for this essay is that the internet created a strong connection between the areas of Private International Law and Copyright, mainly since copyright infringements became transnational to a higher extent and happened more through ubiquitous medias. These two legal fi

Negotiated power-sharing arrangements between former warring parties in civil wars have more frequently been highlighted in peace settlements as a way to foster durable peace. On the other hand, democracy promotion followed by a power-sharing agreement has generally had adverse outcomes and in war-torn- societies, power-sharing institutions has often created an institutional barrier for further de

De senaste 70 åren har regleringen avseende det personliga skadeståndsansvaret för styrelsen gentemot aktiebolaget i princip varit densamma. I takt med att samhället utvecklas ändras också förutsättningarna för aktiebolagen. Denna uppsats tar sikte på styrelseledamöters och den verkställande direktörens ansvar gentemot bolaget enligt 29 kap. 1 § 1p. Aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) (”ABL”), s.k. internFor the last 70 years the regulation of personal liability for damages regarding boards and CEO’s in their relation to their companies have not substantially changed in Swedish law. This thesis focuses on the accountability of board members and the CEO towards companies according to Chapter 29 1 § 1p. Companies Act (2055:551) (”ABL”), so-called internal liability for damages, (Sw: internt skadestå

The natural elements are used as a driving force for positive urban life in Akureyri, Iceland with the snow accumulation as a leader to unite the town in a physical and social way. The elements of snow buildup in the urban environment are used to find ways to give the town added value in the form of recreational opportunities and commuting routes. Additionally using a system of snow storage to min

Beställarens rätt att avbeställa arbeten när denne ingått ett entreprenadavtal med avtalsgrund i AB 04 utreds och analyseras i denna uppsats. Vidare undersöks förhållandet mellan avbeställning och hävning. Detta görs med hjälp av en traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod. Författare på området synes vara överens om att beställaren har en avbeställningsrätt. Men, om denna kan anses följa direkt av AB The buyer´s right to cancellation of works in a commercial construction contract due to AB 04, is analysed in this paper. The relationship between cancellation and termination is also examined. This paper is based on a legal dogmatic method. Authors in this field agrees that the buyer is entitled to cancellation of works. But they do not agree if this right follows directly from AB 04, by outgoi

Tropiska bergmolnskogar (eng: Tropical montane cloud forests; TMCF) är unika ekosystem som frekvent omges av moln vilka ökar fuktigheten och gynnar tillväxt av mossor. Koldynamiken hos mossor påverkas av fukt över flera dimensioner. Det är därför projicerat att klimatförändringen kommer få en stor påverkan på dem samt även på de TMCF. Målet med denna studie var att se hur effekterna av förändrade Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) are unique ecosystems that are frequently surrounded by clouds which increase humidity and promote the growth of bryophytes. Several dimensions of humidity are important for the carbon dynamics of bryophytes. Climate change is therefore projected to have a large impact on them as well as on the TMCF itself. The present study aimed to investigate the effects th

This thesis endeavours to test the predictions of previous research on framing during referenda, by specifically studying the campaign leading up to the June 2016 referendum on whether or not the United Kingdom should remain a member of the European Union. The thesis studies the framing taking place in newspapers during three separate weeks where there were significant shifts in public opinion, to

To find new ways for collaboration between the Swedish public sector and the civil society, and to promote non-profit voluntary (NPVOs) actors as local welfare producers, the collaboration format Idéburet – Offentligt Partnerskap (IOP) was launched. The purpose of this explorative study is to examine why local and regional authorities enters into IOP as a form of collaboration with NPVOs. The stud