Reviews are essential for defect detection and they provide an opportunity to control the software development process. This paper focuses upon methods for estimating the defect content after a review and hence to provide support for process control. Two new estimation methods are introduced as the assumptions of the existing statistical methods are not fulfilled. The new methods are compared with

This paper presents a method proposal for estimation of software reliability before the implementation phase. The method is based upon that a formal specification technique is used and that it is possible to develop a tool performing dynamic analysis, i.e., locating semantic faults in the design. The analysis is performed with both applying a usage profile as input as well as doing a full analysis

It is of paramount importance that software reliability requirements not only can be formulated, but also enforced and evaluated before accepting a software product for release. This requires sound acceptance criteria for software, which implies that methods for evaluating the software reliability are needed during the testing phase. Thus, theoretical models which are practically applicable are ne

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control, at least not in quantitative terms, during a software development project. This paper outlines a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which provides the opportunity to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliability certification method described as a part of C

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control during a software development project. This paper presents a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which gives the possibility to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliability certihcation method described as a part of Cleanroom software engineering. The main o

he use of capture‐recapture to estimate the residual faults in a software artifact has evolved as a promising method. However, the assumptions needed to make the estimates are not completely fulfilled in software development, leading to an underestimation of the residual fault content. Therefore, a method employing a filtering technique with an experience factor to improve the estimate of the resi

Reuse is becoming one of the key areas in dealing with the cost and quality of software systems. An important issue is the reliability of the components, hence making certification of software components a critical area. The objective of this article is to try to describe methods that can be used to certify and measure the ability of software components to fulfil the reliability requirements place

A methodology for developing software intensive systems denoted Cleanroom Software Engineering is presented. The methodology has been developed at IBM and Software Engineering Technology (SET) in the USA, and is currently being adapted and applied to the field of telecommunications by Q-Labs.The main objective of Cleanroom is to introduce a set of management and engineering techniques which shall

Understandability of the current system is a key issue in most reengineering processes. An architecture description of the system may increase its understandability. This paper presents experiences from architectural design recovery in a product family of large distributed, embedded systems. Automated recovery tools were hard to apply due to the nature of the source code. A qualitative evaluation

There are several suggestions regarding the definition of the term software architecture. Yet discussions concerning the subject are ambiguous. This leads to unclear discussions and slow scientific progress. This paper suggests a coherent set of properties a Taxonomy of Orthogonal Properties of Software Architecture (TOPSA) that enables more precise communication within the software architecture d

The popularization of parallelism is arguably the most fundamental computing challenge for years to come. We present an approach where parallel programming takes place in a restricted (sub-Turing-complete), logic-based declarative language, embedded in Java. Our logic-based language, PQL, can express the parallel elements of a computing task, while regular Java code captures sequential elements. T

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is multivariate disease, clustered with socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors. Investigations about epidemiology estimative could be a prevention strategy. Aim: to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in adult population in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (PE-Brazil). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a representa

Floral scent is a crucial trait for pollinator attraction. Yet only a handful of studies have estimated selection on scent in natural populations and no study has quantified the relative importance of pollinators and other agents of selection. In the fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea, we used electroantennographic data to identify floral scent compounds detected by local pollinators and quantifi

Background: There is an ongoing discussion on whether routinely patch testing with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 1.0% pet. is safe, owing to the risk of patch test sensitization. Late-appearing patch test reactions may reflect patch test sensitization, but may also be attributable to a low degree of pre-existing sensitization. Objectives: To follow the positive patch test reactions to PPD and its salt

Background: Home care service (HCS) for sick children is a complex healthcare service, which can be organised in various models. Despite the possibility to support family everyday life, the accessibility and utilisation may still be limited. The aim of this study was to (i) determine characteristics in referrals to county-based HCS, (ii) determine characteristics of referred children and (iii) ass

This essay, and the speical issue it introduces, seeks to explore leadership in a post-truth age, focusing in particular on the types of narratives and counter-narratives that characterize it and at times dominate it. We first examine the factors that are often held responsible for the rise of post-truth in politics, including the rise of relativist and postmodernist ideas, dishonest leaders and b

This article explores the process of the formalisation of the Swedish financial market, through an analysis of commercial bank lending in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The analysis shows that the incorporation of Swedish business around the turn of the century led to a shift from lending primarily backed by name security to an increased use of mortgage and shares as collateral -

Aim: Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are lacking in preterm infants. Our aim was to study these and their relation with a new formulation of fentanyl 5 μg/mL for procedural pain. Methods: Preterm infants were given 0.5 (n = 20, median gestational age 26.5; range 23.3–34.1 weeks) and 2 μg/kg (n = 8, 27.4; 25.3–30.7 weeks) fentanyl, respectively, before skin-breaking procedures or tra

In her chapter, Karlsson explores the mainstream media reception of three mainly digital Swedish campaigns against sexual violence between 2010-2013: ##prataomdet/talkaboutit, #mörkertalet/the darkfigures, and #fatta/getit. She traces the ways in which the campaign lines of contention and the campaign testimonies are re-framed for new audiences by mainstream media. By mainly investigating headline