The chapter looks at language variation and change, and the relation of these processes to language reconstruction and classification. The chapter gives an overview of theories, models, methods, and data, describing how diversity and variation is modelled and measured for reconstruction and classification within traditional, comparative and statistical, evolutionary, or phylogenetic methods. First

In spite of the success of traditional sampled-data theory in computer control it has some disadvantages particularly for distributed, asynchronous, and multi-rate system. Event based sampling is an alternative which is explored in this paper. A simple example illustrates the differences between periodic and event based sampling. The architecture of a general structure for event based control is p

Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier (CKS) har i två decennier verkat som ett centrum för forskning och samverkan vid Linköpings universitet. CKS bedriver forskning med målet att fördjupa strategiskt relevant kunskap för en långsiktigt hållbar samhällsutveckling. Det gör vi genom akademiska fora och genom samverkan med kommuner och regioner. Genom det långsiktiga stödet från Linköpings universiteThe municipalities of Sweden are in motion. Some are growing strongly, while others shrink. The population's composition changes. The municipalities are becoming more different, which raises questions about structure and self-government. Climate and sustainability issues will be more central and how should the municipalities be governed in order to meet future demands for financial stability,democ

Do Chinese cities compete for investments with lax environmental law enforcement? The here presented study suggests that this is true for some municipalities but not all of them. Based on data for 126 key environmental protection cities and regional economic hubs between 2010 and 2012 we show that economic decentralization and political centralization both shape spatial patterns of compliance with

Beskrivningen, (gr ekfrasis, lat descriptio) är den tolfte av de fjorton övningarna i de retoriska övningarna progymnasmata. Beskrivningen är en mycket avancerad övning och den kommer därför sent i övningsserien. I denna övning vädjar talaren till åhörarnas fem sinnen: syn, hörsel, lukt, smak och känsel. Syftet är att för åhöraren ”tydligt bringa det åskådliggjorda för ögonen”. Den stildygd som ef

The Sösdala find with its exquisite horse equipment is spectacular and testifies to the prominent role of the horse in Iron Age society. Although the remains of the horses themselves are absent, information about the animal's physical characteristics can be found in related finds from elsewhere in Scandinavia. It is possible to infer that the horses do not seem to have expressed much phenotypic va

Rhetoric is a teaching tradition. The rhetorical exercises in the progymnasmata are the main method in which rhetoric has been taught throughout history. These exercises are organized according to difficulty, the material covered, the rhetorical genre, the canons of rhetoric and the disposition of the speech. The main organizing principle is however the topoi for inventing the speech or text in eaRhetoric is a teaching tradition. The rhetorical exercises in the progymnasmata are the main method in which rhetoric has been taught throughout history. These exercises are organized according to difficulty, the material covered, the rhetorical genre, the canons of rhetoric and the disposition of the speech. The main organizing principle is however the topoi for inventing the speech or text in ea

Women are generally seen as less inclined to join trade unions. This study matches firm–worker data from the Swedish cigar and printing industries around 1900 and examines information on men and women holding the same jobs; such data are rare but important for understanding gender gaps. The results explain the gender gap in union membership among compositors, but not among cigar workers. Differenc

Det har skett en markant ökning av medellivslängden för personer med intellektuell funktions-nedsättning under de senaste decennierna och allt fler uppnår pensionsåldern och hög ålder. Ökningen är ett direkt resultat av medicinska och sociala framsteg. Samtidigt är det en grupp som har svårigheter att uttrycka sina behov och där forskning visat att deras åldrande ter sig annorlunda än för befolkni

Scientific analyses of objects from Sösdala I are presented. Punch marks on 57 gilt silver mounts were examined under microscope, revealing a high quality of craftsmanship. In all, 27 different punched motifs have been described. By comparative studies, objects with punch marks made by the same tools have been identified. By interlinking the objects, three different sets of tools have been identif

BackgroundInternationalisation of higher education involving information and communication technology such as e-learning opens opportunities for innovative learning approaches across nations and cultures.ObjectivesDescribe a case in practice of collaborative and transformative learning in relation to ‘internationalisation on home grounds’ with the broader learning objective of ‘becoming aware and

This special issue follows on from a special call for contributions to the ECER 2016 conference in Dublin on the need to rethink and reconceptualise internationalisation in higher education (HE). The papers in this special issue contribute to a critically reflective interdisciplinary discussion on the phenomena ofinternationalisation in terms of the evolution of the structures, systems, and functi

Media investments are continuously shifting from traditional media like newspapers to digital alternatives like websites and social media. This study investigated if and how media choice between the two rival channels can influence consumers’ perceptions of a novel brand. 504 Swedish retail fashion customers participated in an experiment to evaluate the identical advertisement placed either in a n