This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the divers

Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing climate projections under different scenarios of human-induced forcing. ESMs include a large number of additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical cycles that traditional physical climate models do not consider. Yet, some processes such as cloud dynamics and ecosystem functional response still have fairly high uncertainties. In t

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy that carries a high mortality rate. A major contributor to the poor outcome is the lack of effective molecular markers. The purpose of this study was to develop protein markers for improved prognostication and noninvasive diagnosis. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based discovery approach was applied to pancreatic cancer tissues and healthy pancreas. In the v

This article explores the evolution and determinants of public support for the euro since its creation in 1999 until the end of 2017, thereby covering the pre-crisis experience of the euro, the crisis years and the recent recovery. Using uniquely large macro and micro databases and applying up-to-date econometric techniques, the authors revisit the growing literature on public support for the euro

PURPOSE: To compare the two major complications, namely postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula and urethral stricture, between the Mathieu and tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair methods for distal hypospadias.METHODS: In this meta-analysis, electronic databases were searched for comparative studies on the two techniques. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence was used

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate levels of perceived family cohesion during childhood, teenage years, and young adulthood in cancer-bereaved youths compared with non-bereaved peers.METHODS: In this nationwide, population-based study, 622 (73%) young adults (aged 18-26) who had lost a parent to cancer 6 to 9 years previously, when they were teenagers (aged 13-16), and 330 (78%) n

In this experimental study the influence of fissuring orientation and confinement pressure on the mechanical behaviour of natural clays is investigated. The tested material, the scaly clay from Santa Croce di Magliano (south of Italy), is characterised by an intense network of pre-existing fissures of single orientation. Several plane strain compression tests have been conducted, under different c

Legionellae are bacteria that naturally exist in freshwater environments, but have also been found in seawater and soils. Legionella can cause illnesses such as Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac Fever where the Legionnaires' disease is a severe variant of Pneumonia and Pontiac Fever is a milder influenza like variant. Legionella bacteria can grow in domestic hot water systems (DHW systems) and in oLegionellae are bacteria that naturally exist in freshwater environments, but have also been found in seawater and soils.Legionellacan cause illnesses such as Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac Fever where the Legionnaires' disease is a severe variant of Pneumonia and Pontiac Fever is a milder influenza like variant.Legionellabacteria can grow in domestic hot water systems (DHW systems) and in order

We examine the long-term effects of a series of Swedish towns founded by the Crown during the early modern period. Their advantage over rural parishes consisted in having monopoly rights to trade with the local hinterland. Since the optimum sites were occupied by medieval towns, the Crown could only aim for second-rate locations. Using difference-in-difference combined with Propensity Score Matchi

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been proposed to have chemopreventative effects on colorectal cancer (CRC), although data are needed from population-based studies. We performed a nationwide cohort study to investigate the association between use of PDE5 inhibitors and risk of CRC in men with benign colorectal neoplasms.METHODS: We identified men who received a dia

This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)and soot formation characteristics in laminar jet flames fuelled by primary reference fuels (PRFs)at elevated pressures. Qualitative PAHs and quantitative soot profiles were acquired by using laser-induced fluorescence and laser-induced incandescence, respectively. The backpressure of flames ranged from 1 bar to 5 bar. Proper flames wi

We present measurements of azimuthal correlations of charged hadron pairs in sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions for the trigger and associated particle transverse-momentum ranges of 14GeV/c) correlations is suppressed compared with that of correlations measured in p+p collisions. At the lowest associated particle pT(0.5

Objective: To assess the reproducibility of two diet assessment methods, an extensive quantitative food frequency questionnaire (method A) and a novel shorter quantitative food frequency questionnaire with a 14 day food record (method B). Design: A randomized prospective cohort study. Setting: General community. Subjects: 241 residents of the town of Malmö, aged between 50-69 years, 126 men and 11

Positiva och negativa miljöeffekterVallersättningen och kompensationsstödet leder båda till att arealen vall och antalet nötkreatur ökar kraftigt. Utredningen konstaterar att effekten av vallodling på biologisk mångfald, både när det gäller sällsynta arter och ekosystemtjänster, är otillräckligt känd. Kompensationsstödet gör det företagsekonomiskt lönsamt att hävda betydligt större areal permanent