The physiological role of the cholecystokinin1 receptor (CCK1R) and the cholecystokinin/gastrin receptor (CCK2R) in the enzyme release from the exocrine pancreas in various mammal species has been debated. Experiments in pigs have indicated that physiological levels of cholecystokinin-33 (CCK-33) elicit pancreatic enzyme release via CCK2Rs located in the gastro-duodenal region. Since gastrin and C

It is of obvious clinical importance to monitor cerebral metabolism-in particular, cerebral energy metabolism and indicators of cellular damage-online at the bedside. The technique of cerebral microdialysis provides the opportunity for continuous monitoring of metabolic changes in the tissue before they are reflected in peripheral blood chemistry or in systemic physiological parameters. The basic

BACKGROUND: Although inflammation has been associated with different cardiovascular diseases, the relationships with future heart failure (HF) are unclear. This population-based study explored whether elevated plasma levels of inflammatory proteins are associated with incidence of HF. METHODS: Five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, orosomucoid, a

DELLSON P., NILBERT M., BENDAHL P-O., MALMSTROM P. & CARLSSON C. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care Towards optimised information about clinical trials; identification and validation of key issues in collaboration with cancer patient advocates Clinical trials are crucial to improve cancer treatment but recruitment is difficult. Optimised patient information has been recognised as a key iss

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired insulin secretion have been reported in families with PAX6 mutations and it is suggested that they result from defective proinsulin processing due to lack of prohormone convertase 1/3, encoded by PCSK1. We investigated whether a common PAX6 variant would mimic these findings and explored in detail its effect on islet function in man. METHODS

This paper shows a robust and easily implemented clock generator for custom designs. It is a fully digital design suitable for both high-speed clocking and low-voltage applications. This clocking method is digital, and it avoids analog methods like phase locked loops or delay line loops. Instead, the clock generator is based on a ring counter which stops a ring oscillator after the correct number

Differential photoproduction cross sections are measured for events containing D-*+/- mesons. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 51.1 pb(-1). The kinematic region covers small photon virtualities Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2 and photon-proton centre-of-mass energies of 171 < W gamma(Cep) < 256 GeV. The details of the heavy quark produ

The aim was to psychometrically evaluate the activities of daily living (ADL)-staircase in various age groups. This age stratified, cross-sectional study comprised 826 individuals aged 18-102 years. The factor structure was assessed by means of hierarchical cluster analyses, plots and analyses of nonclassifiable responses. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency. In general, the

Using the second-order perturbation theory we have calculated the scattering assisted gain spectra in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice under a strong applied electric field in the Wannier-Stark-Ladder (WSL) regime. Nonequilibrium distribution function of quasi-two-dimensional carriers localized in each WSL level and indirect optical transitions between neighboring WSL levels accompanied by the emission or

Artificial neural networks interpretation of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) has so far been based on image data alone. Physicians reporting MPS often combine image and clinical data. The aim was to evaluate whether neural network interpretation would be improved by adding clinical data to image data. Four hundred and eighteen patients were used for training and 532 patients for testing th

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term costs and quality of life (QoL) with and without disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsData on resource consumption, productivity losses, QoL (utility), and fatigue were collected from 1355 patients registered with a patient association and descriptive analyses was performed.A Markov model was developed to estimate co

The damage caused by a dramatic worldwide increase in so-called natural disasters is staggering, with the poor in developing countries being most at risk. This paper analyses: (a) the key variables and their causal relations that underlie the complex system of risk and disaster occurrence in slums; (b) the impacts of disasters on slums; (c) the strategies used by local people to cope with risk and

The flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. The environmental distribution of PBDEs is much less studied than that of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To compare the environmental fate of the PCBs with their partial substitute, the PBDEs, common frogs (Rana temporaria)were collected along a similar to1500-km-long latitudinal grad

Obesity is associated with a risk of at least 20 different cancers. We aimed at defining cancer risks in prospectively recruited patients with a novel subgroup, those with a family history of obesity. We defined a cohort of 30 020 patients who had been hospitalized since 1964. Cancer risks in these patients were followed through 2006. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for cancer using

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether treatment of GAD65 autoantibody (GADA)-positive diabetic patients with alum-formulated recombinant GAD65 (GAD-alum) is safe and does not compromise beta cell function. METHODS: This Phase 2, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation clinical trial, which was randomized through a central office, was performed in 47 GADA-positive type 2 diabe

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that a myocardial topical negative pressure (TNP) of -50 mmHg significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying myocardium in normal, ischemic, and reperfused porcine myocardium. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of different TNP levels between -50 and -150 mmHg on microvascular flow in normal and ischemic myocardium. MATER