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A central hypothesis of ecological immunology is that immune defences are traded off against competing physiological and behavioural processes. During energetically demanding periods, birds are predicted to switch from expensive inflammatory responses to less costly immune responses. Acute phase responses (APRs) are a particularly costly form of immune defence, and, hence, seasonal modulations in

En av Sveriges ledande botanister har gått ur tiden. Sven Snogerup (1929-2013), hedersmedlem i Svenska Botaniska Föreningen sedan 1999, porträtteras här av Ingvar Kärnefelt.

Background: Most studies assessing health effects of neighborhood characteristics either use self-reports or objective assessments of the environment, the latter often based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). While objective measures require detailed landscape data, self-assessments may yield confounded results. In this study we demonstrate how self-assessments of green neighborhood enviro

Although climate is known to be one of the key factors determining animal species distributions amongst others, projections of global change impacts on their distributions often rely on bioclimatic envelope models. Vegetation structure and landscape configuration are also key determinants of distributions, but they are rarely considered in such assessments. We explore the consequences of using sim

Diabetes is increasing worldwide and hence the risk developing complications where retinopathy is the theme of this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of (vascular) retinopathy in subjects with the pre-diabetes stage, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and the development of retinopathy in these subjects during five years. In the second part of the study diabetes patients with d

There have been extensive discussions in academic circles of why some countries develop into welfare states while others do not. Two main factors mentioned in these discussions are economic growth and the need for political stability. In these discussions, the example of Sweden, where the welfare state allegedly emerged from a ‘culture of consensus’, has often been treated as an historic exception

Background: Enhancement of enzymatic digestibility by some supplementations could reduce enzyme loading and cost, which is still too high to realize economical production of lignocellulosic biofuels. A recent study indicates that yeast hydrolysates (YH) have improved the efficiency of cellulases on digestibility of furfural residues (FR). In the current work, the components of YH were separated by

Pneumothorax occurs more frequently in the neonatal period than at any other time of life and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. It may be treated with either needle aspiration or insertion of a chest tube. The former consists of aspiration of air with a syringe through a needle or an angiocatheter, usually through the second or third intercostal space in the midclavicular line.

High-resolution core-level spectroscopy and density-functional theory calculations have been used to investigate CO adsorption on the p(4 x 4) structure of oxidized Ag(111). CO adsorption with subsequent carbonate formation was observed at 100 K. The experimental results are consistent with calculations that reveal low activation barriers to form CO2 and CO32- from adsorbed CO. On the basis of a g

Vid fångst av nattfjärilar använder man ofta lockbeten. De består av en trasa eller liknande som dränks in med någon lockande vätska och hängs upp i t.ex. ett träd. Under natten kan betet inspekteras många gånger och djur samlas in. Recepten för den lockande vätska varierar kraftigt mellan olika samlare men innehåller alltid jästa produkter av något slag. En stor skiljelinje går mellan beten som b

We previously demonstrated that hyperglycemia could suppress apolipoprotein M (apoM) synthesis both in vivo and in vitro; however, the mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of apoM expression is unknown yet.

We explore the signatures of Majorana fermions in a nanowire based topological superconductor-quantum dot-topological superconductor hybrid device by charge transport measurements. At zero magnetic field, well-defined Coulomb diamonds and the Kondo effect are observed. Under the application of a finite, sufficiently strong magnetic field, a zero-bias conductance peak structure is observed. It is f

Aims: To analyse, at a one year follow up, cost offset and outcomes of changing the physical activity (PA) behaviour due to a primary care intervention. Methodology: Participants were 528 inactive individuals with life-style related health problems, 18-84 years, and randomised into a high-dose intervention group (n=270) or a low-dose intervention group (n=258). The four month lasting intervention

It has been proposed that the molecular and physiological systems that regulate biological functions impose costs and constraints that are fundamental to the understanding of variation in life histories. In particular, studies of oxidative stress emphasize how evolutionary contingency can impose novel trade-offs for organisms, and how this may create or eliminate functional linkages between traits

First measurements of the adiabatic laminar burning velocities of lean ethanol + oxygen + carbon dioxide flames, at 1 atm and initial gas mixture temperatures of 298, 318, and 338 K, are presented. The oxygen content O-2/(O-2 + CO2) in the artificial air was 35%. The laminar burning velocities were determined using the heat flux method, where a non-stretched flame is stabilized under adiabatic con

Evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people with diabetes has been growing in Iran over the last decade. The main aim of the current study was to systematically review the characteristics of these studies and examine quality of their findings. Persian (SID, Magiran) and English (Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC) databases were systematically