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A soil microbial model to analyze decoupled microbial growth and respiration during soil drying and rewetting

Soils are continuously exposed to cycles of drying and rewetting (D/RW), which drive pronounced fluctuations in soil carbon (C) fluxes. These C dynamics are characterized by a decoupled behavior between microbial biomass synthesis (growth) and CO2 production (respiration). In general, respiration rates peak shortly after RW and subsequently decrease, while the growth peaks lag several hours behind

Morphological and structural heterogeneity of solid gliadin food foams modified with transglutaminase and food grade dispersants.

We show in this study the impact of transglutaminase (SB6), glycerol (Gly) and linoleic acid (LA) on the development of gliadin (Glia) solid edible foams. Two concentrations of SB6 were tested, 0.58 U/g and 1.17 U/g, and sufficiently high concentration of SB6 was found essential to crosslink the gliadins. Greater cross-linking in foam prepared with gliadin and 1.17 U/g of SB6 (2-TG-Glia) was follo

Preventing kidney injury among sugarcane workers : Promising evidence from enhanced workplace interventions

Objectives: To assess if improvement of working conditions related to heat stress was associated with improved kidney health outcomes among sugarcane harvest workers in Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, a region heavily affected by the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin. Methods: Based on our findings during the 2017-2018 harvest (harvest 1), recommendations that enhanced the rest

Ultrastructural evidence for self-replication of alzheimer-associated Aβ42 amyloid along the sides of fibrils

The nucleation of Alzheimer-associated Aβ peptide monomers can be catalyzed by preexisting Aβ fibrils. This leads to autocatalytic amplification of aggregate mass and underlies self-replication and generation of toxic oligomers associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature of the interactions between the monomeric species and the fibrils during this key process, and indee

Longitudinal association between housing accessibility and activities of daily living : The role of self-efficacy and control in people ageing with Parkinson's disease

Background: External housing-related control beliefs (HCB) and general self-efficacy (GSE) influence different health outcomes in the general ageing population, but there is no information of their role in people ageing with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to longitudinally assess the role of external HCB and GSE on the association between housing accessibility and activities of daily l

Developing ActivABLES for community-dwelling stroke survivors using the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions

Background: Novel technical solutions are called for to promote home-based exercise among community-dwelling stroke survivors supported by their caregivers. Lack of resources and knowledge about how to accomplish it, has been demonstrated. The objective of this study is to describe in detail the development of ActivABLES, a technical intervention to promote home-based exercise and physical activit

Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in sediments of the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago, Baltic Sea

Coastal systems can act as filters for anthropogenic nutrient input into marine environments. Here, we assess the processes controlling the removal of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) for four sites in the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago. Bottom water concentrations of oxygen (O2) and P are inversely correlated. This is attributed to the seasonal release of P from iron-oxide-bound (Fe-oxidebound) P

Synthesis of tricyclic carbohydrate-benzene hybrids as selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and galectin-8 N-terminal domains

As the galactoside binding family of galectin proteins is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, the inhibitors of these proteins are considered to be of significant interest in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. Herein, fused tricyclic carbohydrate-benzene hybrid core structures are reported to be the selective inhibitors of galectin-1 and the N-terminal do

Added value of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in staging of malignant breast lesions - A feasibility study

Objectives: The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the added value of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in preoperative staging of malignant breast lesions, beyond standard assessment with digital mammography and ultrasound, as a base for a future prospective randomized trial. Materials and methods: Forty-seven patients, with confirmed or strongly suspected malignant breast lesions af

Development and validation of a prediction model for incident hand osteoarthritis in the HUNT study

Objective: To develop and externally validate prediction models for incident hand osteoarthritis (OA) in a large population-based cohort of middle aged and older men and women. Design: We included 17,153 men and 18,682 women from a population-based cohort, aged 35–70 years at baseline (1995–1997). Incident hand OA were obtained from diagnostic codes in the Norwegian National Patient Register (1995

Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts are associated with different immunopathological mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: Neutrophils contribute to the SLE pathogenesis. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is reported to correlate with disease activity in SLE. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether NLR reflects underlying immunopathogenic activity in SLE, as well as to determine the contribution of each component of NLR, neutrophil and lymphocyte count. Methods: Data were obtained from a cohort of p

A pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers in blood improves predictions of adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

Background: A pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers in blood, commercially available as 4Kscore, predicts Gleason Grade (GG) 3 + 4 or higher prostate cancer on biopsy. However, sampling error and variation in pathology reporting may miss aggressive disease. Methods: The 4Kscore was measured in cryopreserved blood from 2330 men obtained before prostatectomy at a single institution be

Controlling photoionization using attosecond time-slit interferences

When small quantum systems, atoms or molecules, absorb a high-energy photon, electrons are emitted with a well-defined energy and a highly symmetric angular distribution, ruled by energy quantization and parity conservation. These rules are based on approximations and symmetries which may break down when atoms are exposed to ultrashort and intense optical pulses. This raises the question of their

Modelling past and future peatland carbon dynamics across the pan-Arctic

The majority of northern peatlands were initiated during the Holocene. Owing to their mass imbalance, they have sequestered huge amounts of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Although recent syntheses have filled some knowledge gaps, the extent and remoteness of many peatlands pose challenges to developing reliable regional carbon accumulation estimates from observations. In this work, we employed

The social context of nearest neighbors shapes educational attainment regardless of class origin

We study the association between sociospatial neighborhood conditions throughout childhood and educational attainment in adulthood. Using unique longitudinal microdata for a medium-sized Swedish town, we geocode its population at the address level, 1939 to 1967, and link individuals to national registers, 1968 to 2015. Thus, we adopt a long-term perspective on the importance of nearby neighbors du

Begrepp som skadar: Exempel från inre periferier i Polen, Nordmakedonien och Sverige

This chapter approaches the process of spatial peripheralization from the perspective of concept-induced harm. Harm is both a moral and a legal term construed along any form of physical or mental damage, be it intended or unintended. More broadly, however, harm denotes any form of setback to interest, and while harm can arise as the result of an onset of emotion, more often than not harm is concep

Perinatal outcomes of cesarean deliveries in Sierra Leone : A prospective multicenter observational study

Objective: To analyze the indications for cesarean deliveries and factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in Sierra Leone. Methods: Between October 2016 and May 2017, patients undergoing cesarean delivery performed by medical doctors and associate clinicians in nine hospitals were included in a prospective observational study. Data were collected perioperatively, at discharge, and durin