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BACKGROUND: Cost-effective fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires efficient mixed sugar utilization. Notably, the rate and yield of xylose and arabinose co-fermentation to ethanol must be enhanced. RESULTS: Evolutionary engineering was used to improve the simultaneous conversion of xylose and arabinose to ethanol in a recombinant industrial Sacc

Endocrine disrupting chemicals can induce malformations and impairment of reproductive function in experimental animals and may have similar effects in humans. Recently, the environmental obesogen hypothesis was proposed, suggesting that environmental chemicals contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects could be related to chemical interaction with nuclear recep

A composition is a vector of positive components summing to a constant. The sample space of a composition is the simplex and the sample space of two compositions, a bicomposition, is a Cartesian product of two simplices. We present a way of generating random variates from a bicompositional Dirichlet distribution defined on the Cartesian product of two simplices using the rejection method. We deriv

Review of "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman (Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2011, ISBN 978-0-474-27563-1)

The recent resurge of bed bug infestations (Cimex spp.; Cimicidae) and their resistance to commonly used pesticides calls for alternative methods of control. Pheromones play an important role in environmentally sustainable methods for the management of many pest insects and may therefore be applicable for the control of bed bugs. The tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus, is a temporary ectoparasite

We tested the effect of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata on a diverse array of phytoplankton. We found that Gloeotrichia increased the growth rates of five of seven phytoplankton species up to 620% in comparison with a medium-only control after 96 h.

Continental export of Si to the coastal zone is closely linked to the ocean carbon sink and to the dynamics of phytoplankton blooms in coastal ecosystems. Presently, however, the impact of human cultivation of the landscape on terrestrial Si fluxes remains unquantified and is not incorporated in models for terrestrial Si mobilization. In this paper, we show that land use is the most important cont

This article reviews the solutions for the revascularization of the left subclavian artery during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Open surgical revascularization has been the predominant technique used but recent developments may lead to an increasing role of the endovascular revascularization. The different open and endovascular technical options are discussed and the results summari

The aim of this thesis was to investigate screening mammography in relation to factors affecting tumour stage and outcome. The main focus was on obesity, tumour biology and breast density. We hypothesized that obese and overweight women could benefit more from screening detection than normal weight women. The favourable prognosis in screening-detected women was further investigated, and we expecte

We study how entrepreneurs evaluate the ability of different US venture capitalists (VCs) to add value to start-up companies. Analyzing a large data set of entrepreneurs’ stated preferences regarding VCs, we demonstrate that entrepreneurs view independent partnership VCs more favorably than other VC types (e.g., corporate, financial, and government sponsored VCs). Although entrepreneurs are able t

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a recombinant vaccine to attenuate inflammation in arthritis by sustained neutralization of the anaphylatoxin C5a. METHODS: We constructed and expressed fusion protein of C5a and maltose binding protein. Efficacy of specific C5a neutralization was tested using the fusion protein as vaccine in three different arthritis mouse models: collagen induced arthritis (CI

Background and purpose - Little is known about the comparative performance of patient-reported outcome measures in revision hip arthroplasty. We compared the performance of the WOMAC, the SF-36, the EQ-5D, and a pain-related visual analog scale (VAS) in revision hip arthroplasty. Methods - 45 patients with aseptic prosthetic loosening following primary hip arthroplasty completed the WOMAC, the SF-

After oesophageal cancer surgery it is known that patients have a reduced QOL and that they suffer an unmet need of support. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate patients’ experiences of QOL and supportive care as well as to evaluate a telephone based nurse-led supportive care programme to patients after oesophageal cancer surgery. The thesis comprises two quantitative (I, IV) and tw

The dinuclear complex [Zn2(papy)2]·2CH3OH [H2papy = N- (2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(2-picolyl)glycine] was synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of the complex reveals that both ZnII ions are pentacoordinate with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination arrangements. The phenoxyl groups of each ligand bridge the two metal atoms, whereas each carboxylate of the ligand is terminally boun

In this Note we present a complete solution to the problem of multifractal analysis of multiple ergodic averages in the case of symbolic dynamics for functions of two variables depending on the first coordinate. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Objective In contrast with the wealth of data on ischaemic heart disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), data on stroke are scarce and contradictory. Despite the high clinical and aetiological relevance, there is no data regarding when (if ever) after RA diagnosis there is an increased risk. Our objective was to assess the risk of stroke (by subtype) in contemporary patients with RA, particularly in

Objective . Intestinal ischaemia is a life-threatening condition with high mortality, and the lack of accurate and readily available diagnostic methods often results in delay in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of different plasma biomarkers in diagnosing intestinal ischaemia. Material and methods . Prospective inclusion of patients older than 50 years

Recent studies suggest de novo mutations may involve the pathogenesis of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the evidence that excessive alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased rate of de novo mutations in germ cells (sperms or eggs), we examine here whether the risks of autism and ADHD are increased among individuals with a family history of alcoho

Purpose: About half of all people with disabilities in developing countries live in extreme poverty. Focusing on the ends rather than the economic means of human development, the capability approach offers an alternative view of poverty. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between assistive technology use and capability poverty in a low-income country. Method: Self-reported data