Physical bounds for antennas above ground planes are calculated by optimizing the antenna current. The bounds are compared with antennas modeled as fragmented patches and optimized using genetic algorithms. Monopole structures over ground planes are modeled with image theory and optimized. The monopole over ground plane structure simplifies experimental verification of the bounds.

This paper presents the use of the T-matrix method for a collection of scatterers for validation purposes of large-scale numerical electromagnetic scattering problems. In order to validate the simulation results for large geometries the T-matrix solution for a collection of spheres and disks can be used. Scattering results using the T-matrix method, FDTD and MoM are compared. The results show that

A range of interesting electromagnetic systems like antennas, extraordinary transmission and absorbers have been shown to have certain bandwidth limitations given by a family of sum-rules. Common for the systems are that they are passive, linear and time-translational invariant. In this paper we shortly review the extension from one-dimensional passive systems to multi-dimensional systems, aiming

Oxygen is known to play an important role in the multiferroicity of rare earth manganites; however, how this role changes with rare earth elements is still not fully understood. To address this question, we have used resonant soft x-ray scattering spectroscopy to study the F-type (0,τ,0) diffraction peak from the antiferromagnetic order in DyMnO3 and TbMnO3. We focus on the measurements at O K edg

A windowless silicon (Si) diode (4 mm2) was evaluated as alpha particle detector and spectrometer for field measurements. It was irradiated with alpha particles from a 241Am (2.3 kBq) and a 210Po (9 kBq) source at source-detector distances (SDD) of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 cm. The energy resolution in terms of full width at half maximum was 281, 148 and 113 keV for SDD of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 cm, respectively

This paper presents an assessment framework for methodologies under development. It is adapted from the evaluation framework for the design of an engineering model developed by Ben Ahmed and colleagues [1]. The assessment framework allows to take into account in a systematic way characteristics (that is, main categories or classes of potential requirements) that are of importance for the assessmen

Background and Aim Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk of long-term adverse effects of cancer and its treatment, including cardiac events. The pan-European PanCareSurFup study determined the incidence and risk factors for cardiac events among childhood cancer survivors. The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of the cardiac cohort and nested case-control study within PanCare

Background In acute lung injury, CO2 exchange is enhanced by prolonging the volume-weighted mean time for fresh gas to mix with resident alveolar gas, denoted mean distribution time (MDT), and by increasing the flow rate immediately before inspiratory flow interruption, end-inspiratory flow (EIF). The objective was to study these effects in human subjects without lung disease and to analyse the re

Social plugins for sharing news through Facebook and Twitter have become increasingly salient features on news sites. Together with the user comment feature, social plugins are the most common way for users to contribute. The wide use of multiple features has opened new areas to comprehensively study users’ participatory practices. However, how do these opportunities to participate vary between th

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal office lighting use with different types of lighting controls to achieve energy savings and provide visual comfort for individuals.Design/methodology/approach– A case study and field measurements were carried out in 18 single-occupancy offices in Sweden where six different lighting controls were investigated. Occupancy and daylight hou

In August and September of this year, the world will turn its attention to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the 2016 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. Of interest to physiatrists, the Paralympic Games will take place from September 7 to 18, with an estimated total of 4 billion viewers. In the United States, for the first time in history, the Summer Games will be broadcast over a total of 66 hours on

Today, two great signs of change are occurring. On the one hand, the capitalist world economy is putting tremendous pressure on the earth’s biosphere and bringing an onslaught of destruction to immediate environments and vulnerable people worldwide. On the other hand, the rise of new and progressive social-economic foundations is the result of an unprecedented increase of information and communica

Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest atherosclerosis as a common risk factor between cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction (ED). We aimed to determine the association between erectile function and the biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in 119 middle-aged healthy men from the general population. Methods: Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erec

Background: Symptoms have been identified as a core outcome domain for atopic eczema (AE) trials. Various instruments exist to measure symptoms in AE, but they vary in quality and there is a lack of standardization between clinical trials. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the quality of the evidence on the measurement properties of AE symptom instruments, thereby informing consensus di

Introduction: Increased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthma are suggested to be through inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and tissue from central and peripheral airways and compare it with the exhaled bronchial and alveolar NO levels in patients with asthma vs a control group. Methods: Thirty-t

The need for dedicated fixtures for flexible manufacturing systems is increasing, as dedicated fixtures are lighter, more compact, and more accurate than flexible fixtures. The main challenges are that parts and processes are becoming more and more complex, which requires designing novel or complex dedicated fixtures, and that, for one given flexible fixture to be replaced, several variants of suc

We report in this Letter a two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging [two-pulse SLIPI (2p-SLIPI)] optical setup where the "lines structure" is spatially shifted by exploiting the birefringence property of a calcite crystal. By using this optical component and two cross-polarized laser pulses, the shift of the modulated pattern is not "time-limited" anymore. Consequently, two sub-image

The current work is devoted entirely to the study of passive transport phenomena, or more specifically, the more simple diffusion, electric migration and filtration of solute matter and water over glomerular and peritoneal capillary walls. The driving forces behind such trans-capillary transport phenomena have long been assumed to be simple gradients of concentration, hydrostatic pressure and elec

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. TGF-β1 has been shown to be a key player in tissue remodeling processes in a number of disease states by inducing expression of extracellular matrix proteins. In this study a quantitative proteomic analysis was undertaken to investigate if TGF-β1 contributes to tissue remodeling by mediatin