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Pretend play has been studied in great depth in the past four decades, yielding an increasingly rich body of evidence and conjectures about the evolutionary, cognitive, social and linguistic competence acquired by young children through make-believe activities. In the current work, we drew connections between symbolic play and early forms of infants’ humorous initiatives, such as clowning and teas
The evolution of advanced cognition in vertebrates is associated with two independent innovations in the forebrain: the six-layered neocortex in mammals and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) in sauropsids (reptiles and birds). How these innovations arose in vertebrate ancestors remains unclear. To reconstruct forebrain evolution in tetrapods, we built a cell-type atlas of the telencephalon of the
The population is growing, and an increasing proportion of the population lives in urban areas. As a consequence, human exposure to noise and vibrations is increasing; two major sources being railway and road traffic. Larger and denser cities lead to a higher amount of traffic close to where people work and live. Land close to railways and heavily trafficked roads, previously left unexploited, are
Wood formation has received considerable attention across various research fields as a key process to model. Historical and contemporary models of wood formation from various disciplines have encapsulated hypotheses such as the influence of external (e.g., climatic) or internal (e.g., hormonal) factors on the successive stages of wood cell differentiation. This review covers 17 wood formation mode
Background Patients with acute and chronic pain have a significantly reduced quality of life, and it is a clinical impression thatunhealthy lifestyle influences the experience of pain. To evaluate this, surgery can be seen as a controlled trauma and acutepain model with standardised guidelines. The aim was to investigate the association between lifestyle risk factors and experience of heavy postop
Whether sources or sinks control wood growth remains debated with a paucity of evidence from mature trees in natural settings. Here, we altered carbon supply rate in stems of mature red maples (Acer rubrum) within the growing season by restricting phloem transport using stem chilling; thereby increasing carbon supply above and decreasing carbon supply below the restrictions, respectively. Chilling
