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Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with high potential of visceral dissemination. Since the information about melanoma genomics is mainly based on primary tumors and lymphatic or skin metastases, an autopsy-based visceral metastasis biobank was established. We used copy number variation arrays (N = 38 samples) to reveal organ specific alterations. Results were partly com

For advanced electronic, optoelectronic, or mechanical nanoscale devices a detailed understanding of their structural properties and in particular the strain state within their active region is of utmost importance. We demonstrate that X-ray nanodiffraction represents an excellent tool to investigate the internal structure of such devices in a nondestructive way by using a focused synchotron X-ray

Three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps of a single SiGe island around the Si(004) Bragg peak are recorded using an energy-tuning technique with a microfocused X-ray beam with compound refractive lenses as focusing optics. The map is in agreement with simulated data as well as with a map recorded by an ordinary rocking-curve scan. The energy-tuning approach circumvents both the comparatively large

We investigate the feasibility of applying coherent diffraction imaging to highly strained epitaxial nanocrystals using finite-element simulations of SiGe islands as input in standard phase retrieval algorithms. We discuss the specific problems arising from both epitaxial and highly strained systems and we propose different methods to overcome these difficulties. Finally, we describe a coherent mi

A novel approach to determine the structure of nanoscale crystals in three dimensions is proposed by the use of coherent x-ray Fourier transform holography in Bragg geometry. The full internal description is directly obtained by a single Fourier transform of the 3D intensity hologram. Together with the morphology, Bragg geometry gives access to the 3D displacement field within the crystal. This re

Objective: To personalize the prognostication of post-stroke outcome using MRI-detected cerebrovascular pathology, we sought to investigate the association between the excessive white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden unaccounted for by the traditional stroke risk profile of individual patients and their long-term functional outcomes after a stroke. Methods: We included 890 patients who survived

In this review we cover and describe the application of grazing incidence x-ray scattering techniques to study and characterize nanopattern formation on semiconductor surfaces by ion beam erosion under various conditions. It is demonstrated that x-rays under grazing incidence are especially well suited to characterize (sub)surface structures on the nanoscale with high spatial and statistical accur

The intriguing thermophysical properties of CeB6 have been subject to investigation for more than 20 years. In particular, an exotic ground state, phase IV, emerges under doping with La. We report resonant x-ray scattering results on the order parameter symmetries in phase IV of Ce0.7La0.3B6, which condenses below TIV=1.5K. The results reveal a degree of mesoscopic 5d dipole antiferromagnetic orde

Biaxially strain is an important parameter in the complex phase diagram of the doped manganites that can lead to a different groundstate compared to bulk single crystals at the same doping level. For coherently strained La 2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates, we report an unusual direction dependence of the electrical transport properties. For transport perpendicular to the substrate indu

Due to the complex interplay of magnetic, structural, electronic, and orbital degrees of freedom, biaxial strain is known to play an essential role in the doped manganites. For coherently strained La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films grown on SrTiO3 substrates, we measured the magnetotransport properties both parallel and perpendicular to the substrate and found an anomaly of the electrical transport propert

We report on the preparation of high performance field-effect transistors (FETs) based on large areas of aligned films of a TTF derivative, namely, tetrakis-(octadecylthio)-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF-4SC18). TTF-4SC18 assembles into one-dimensional stacks in which the long alkyl chains promote intermolecular π-π overlapping due to their extremely closely packed nature. The films were prepared from so

X-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of as-deposited and postannealed Fe50 Pt50 /C granular multilayers were measured at both the Fe and Pt L2,3 edges. We demonstrate that the partial L 10 ordering of the FePt nanoparticles induced by thermal annealing results in an increase of the effective spin magnetic moments by 200% at the Fe site and by 65% at the Pt site, while the orbit

We present a study of the early stage of ripple formation on Ge(001) surfaces irradiated by a 1 keV Xe+ ion beam at room temperature and near-normal incidence. A combination of a grazing incidence x-ray scattering technique and atomic force microscopy allowed us to observe a variation of the symmetry of the surface nanopattern upon increase of the ion fluence. The isotropic dot pattern formed duri

Silicon and Teflon substrates have been structured by wet etching and a focused ion beam (FIB) to obtain very defined, clean apertures. Planar, free-standing lipid membranes (black lipid membranes (BLM)) with enhanced long-term stability have been prepared on these apertures by the methods of Montal and Müller1.2 as well as Müller and Rudin. 3 The stability and geometric control enables the use of

This work is focused on synthesis, characterization, and determination of main parameters of the multilayer P123 templated TiO2 films. The mesoporous multilayer thin films consist of TiO2 nanoparticles on the F-doped SnO2 (FTO) conductive glass substrates. The films were grown by implementing the protocol of supramolecular templating with the amphiphilic triblock copolymer, Pluronic P123. The temp

A compact portable vacuum-compatible chamber designed for surface X-ray scattering measurements on beamline ID01 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, is described. The chamber is versatile and can be used for in situ investigation of various systems, such as surfaces, nanostructures, thin films etc., using a variety of X-ray-based techniques such as reflectivity, grazing-incid

We report on periodic ripple formation on Si(001) surfaces after bombardment with Xe+ ions with energies between 5 and 35 keV under incidence angles of 65° and 70°. The sputter process leads to the formation of a rippled amorphous surface layer, followed by a rippled interface toward crystalline material. Using grazing-incidence small-angle scattering and diffraction, we show that the surface morp

Amyloid fibrils are associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including fibrils of amyloid β42 peptide (Aβ42) in Alzheimer's disease. These fibrils are a source of toxicity to neuronal cells through surface-catalyzed generation of toxic oligomers. Detailed knowledge of the fibril structure may thus facilitate therapeutic development. We use small-angle scattering to provide informati