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A method using optimal control results as input to operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous construction machine control is presented. This method complements the vast research within autonomy to achieve the most fuel efficient solution from results that are already available from concept evaluation and system optimization in early development. The optimal control results are va

Detailed mechanisms behind regeneration after nerve injury, in particular signal transduction and the fate of Schwann cells (SCs), are poorly understood. Here, we investigated axotomy-induced activation of extracellular- signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2; important for proliferation) and m-calpain in vitro, and the relation to Ca2+ deletion and Schwann cell proliferation and death after rat scia

DEBATT. Virusattacken Wannacry visar att sårbarheten i våra digitala system kan öka när myndigheter bedriver hemlig dataavläsning, skriver Stefan Larsson, docent Lunds universitet.

This volume is one of the outcomes of the network project In Search for Transnational Memory in Europe (ISTME), which was financed during four years 2012-2016 by a grant from COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) as COST Action IS1203. The Centre for European Studies (CFE) at Lund University was grant holder for ISTME, and the Centre’s Head Prof. Barbara Törnquist-Plewa was chair.

Tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) receptor mediates the effects exerted by nerve growth factor on several subpopulations of neuronal cells. Ligand binding to TrkA induces receptor autophosphorylation on several tyrosine residues and the activation of signaling cascades. In this study, we describe a new site relevant for TrkA regulation, the tyrosine 701 (Y701), which is important for receptor tr

Background. Stress influences many aspects of animal behaviour and is a major factor driving populations to adapt to Changing living conditions, such as during domestication. Stress can affect offspring through non-genetic mechanisms, but recent research indicates that inherited epigenetic modifications of the genome could possibly also be involved. Methodology/Principal Findings. Red junglefowl (

The α-2-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine has been shown to increase survival of retinal ganglion cells following ischemic injury to the rat retina. Increased expression of growth factors has been suggested to be involved in this action. We investigated expressional changes of growth factors and their receptors following transient retinal ischemia induced by selective ligature of ophthalmic

In the present study, we have studied the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors Ret, GFRα1, and GFRα2 in the retino-tectal system before and after optic nerve transection. Using retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with in situ hybridization, we found that Ret and GFRα1 are expressed by 13-14% of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These Ret-expres

The aim of this study was to characterise the expression of the melanocortin system in the normal and injured rat visual system. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, we detected melanocortin MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors and proopiomelanocortin in adult retina and superior colliculus. Melanocortin MC4 receptor mRNA was the most abundant receptor. Melanocortin MC3, MC4 a

Increased expression of Bim, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, has been shown to be critical for neuronal apoptosis. To study the involvement of Bim in injury-induced cell death in retina, Bim expression was studied in normal rat retina and in retina after optic nerve transection using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. As a complement to this, the apoptotic regulators Bax, Bc

We describe a protocol for analysis of gene expression in single, acutely dissociated adult rat retinal ganglion cells using RT-PCR. Retrograde tracing of retinal ganglion cells from the superior colliculi was conducted using Fluorogold. Retinas were dissected and ganglion cells isolated using retinal layer separation (sandwiching). Single, fluorescently labelled retinal ganglion cells were aspira

GDNF and the GDNF receptors, c-Ret, GFRα1 and 2 mRNA is expressed in the developing chicken retina. GDNF labelling was mainly found in embryonic day 4-5 retina but weak labelling could also be found over scattered retinal cells at later stages. c-ret labelling was found over ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells; the preferred GDNF receptor (GFRα1) over amacrine and horizontal cells; and t