Cellobiose dehydrogenase catalyses the oxidation of aldoses-a simple reaction, a boring enzyme? No, neither for the envisaged bioelectrochemical applications nor mechanistically. The catalytic cycle of this flavocytochrome is complex and modulated by its flexible cytochrome domain, which acts as a built-in redox mediator. This intramolecular electron transfer is modulated by the pH, an adaptation

Abstract in Undetermined Although ancient DNA from sediments (sedaDNA) has been used to investigate past ecosystems, the approach has never been directly compared with the traditional methods of pollen and macrofossil analysis. We conducted a comparative survey of 18 ancient permafrost samples spanning the Late Pleistocene (4612.5 thousand years ago), from the Taymyr Peninsula in northern Siberia.

This paper argues that scholarly work is increasingly situated in narrowly circumscribed areas of study, which are encouraging specialization, incremental adding-to-the-literature contributions and a blinkered mindset. Researchers invest considerable time and energy in these specialized areas in order to maximize their productivity and career prospects. We refer to this way of doing research and s

Energy security is sometimes used to advocate renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems can improve some aspects of security, but they will not automatically lead to the removal of all types of security problems and new problems will most certainly arise. This paper analyses energy security aspects of renewable energy systems on the basis of a broad typology on energy and security. Renewa

In the past two decades, the eddy covariance technique has been used for an increasing number of methane flux studies at an ecosystem scale. Previously, most of these studies used a closed path setup with a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDL). Although this method worked well, the TDL has to be calibrated regularly and cooled with liquid nitrogen or a cryogenic system, which limits its use in r

III-V Nanowires (NWs) grown with metal-organic chemical vapor deposition commonly show a polytypic crystal structure, allowing growth of structures not found in the bulk counterpart. In this paper we studied the radial overgrowth of pure wurtzite (WZ) GaAs nanowires and characterized the samples with high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) to reveal the crystal structure of the grown material. In

Hand-held vibrating tools may result in neuromuscular dysfunction and vasospastic problems of the hand. Sensory and motor dysfunction can be explained by injury to peripheral structures, but could also be due to changes in cortical somatotopic mapping of the hand in the brain. The purpose of the present study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the somatotopic cortica

Background: Studies during the 1990s showed that it was possible to reduce the rate of negative appendectomies by using various diagnostic methods. The present study aims to evaluate the effect on diagnostic accuracy of implementation of repeated clinical examination and blood tests in a small county hospital without possibilities of radiological assistance on a 24-hour basis. Methodology: Prospec

Cytogenetic analysis has not only provided important information on the pathogenesis of soft tissue tumors but, by disclosing distinct chromosomal rearrangements in different histopathological entities, has also come to serve as a valuable diagnostic tool. Little is known as yet about the potential prognostic impact of cytogenetic features detected in these tumors. A total of 239 benign and 221 ma

The objectives of this paper are to identify in-vehicle systems for speed management that have been or are being developed, and to suggest recommendations for the implementation of systems that will effectively influence driving speeds and thereby significantly increase safety. The best safety effect is expected from an "intelligent" gas pedal, more specifically the automatic speed limiter. Howeve

The findings from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) and how they relate to the management of prostate disease were reviewed by leading European urologists during a meeting held in December 2005. The consensus opinions that were reached were endorsed by the European Association of Urology and are documented here. The key points of the consensus are as follows: (1) The overall results from

Artikel om kognitionsforskning och hur två forskare studerar grupptillhörighet i samtal och annan interaktion.

Introduction and objective. Swine confinement buildings are known to contain large concentrations of airway irritants, and a number of studies have shown acute inflammatory effects in previously unexposed subjects when introduced to the environment in such buildings. However, studies comparing different methods of assessing such reactions are lacking, and it is not known if a measurable response c

The bioactivity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is either N-terminally modulated with respect to receptor-selectivity by dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DP4)-like enzymes or proteolytic degraded by neprilysin or meprins, thereby abrogating signal transduction. However, neither the subcellular nor the compartmental differentiation of these regulatory mechanisms is fully understood. Using mass spectrometry, selecti

We study a concept for a low-cost, large deformable mirror for an Extremely Large Telescope. The use of inexpensive voice-coil actuators leads to a poorly damped faceplate, with many modes within the desired control bandwidth. A control architecture, including rate and position feedback to add damping and stiffness, for the faceplate has been presented in our previous papers. An innovative local c