Determinants of kinetic energy of blood flow in the four-chambered heart in athletes and sedentary controls.
Kinetic energy (KE) of intra-cardiac blood may play an important role in cardiac function. The aims of this study were 1) quantify and investigate determinants of KE, 2) compare KE expenditure of intra-cardiac blood between athletes and controls, 3) quantify the amount of KE inside and outside the diastolic vortex.