A species-wide phylogeographical study of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus ) was performed using the whole 1140 base pair mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene. We examined 83 specimens from 52 localities resulting in 65 unique haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that the root vole is divided into four main mtDNA phylogenetic lineages that seem to have largely allopatric distributions. Net diverge

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 64PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B rad

The suspension of the crystalline lens in the eye was studied in 11 species of teleost (bony fish) from 10 families and 7 orders by light and electron microscopy. In all species there were 4-5 ligaments in about the equatorial plane of the eye, in which also the tendon of the retractor lentis muscle attaches to the lens. In two cichlid species two additional ligaments were found running from the m

The aim of the paper is to examine the changing role of the state in employment regulation in an environment that has become more market-driven and Europeanised since the introduction of the European Monetary Union (EMU) and the European Employment Strategy (EES). The point of departure is a general discussion of the role of the state in capitalist development and a review on the recent debate on

A field study was carried out to evaluate the influence of N fertilization on the growth of the external mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in a Norway spruce forest in SW Sweden. Nylon mesh bags filled with sand were buried in the soil for 6-18 months and the ingrowth of mycelium was used as an estimate of EM mycelial growth. Root-isolated, trenched plots were used to estimate background grow

A localized dehydration zone, Sondrum stone quarry, Halmstad, SW Sweden, consists of a central, 1 m wide granitic pegmatoid dyke, on either side of which extends a 2.5-3 m wide dehydration zone (650-700 degrees C; 800 MPa; orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-biotite-amphibole-garnet) overprinting a local migmatized granitic gneiss (amphibole-biotite-garnet). Whole-rock chemistry indicates that dehydration

Lipid bilayers containing 5% nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) lipids supported on SiO2 have been used as a template for immobilization of oligohistidine-tagged single-chained antibody fragments (scFvs) directed against cholera toxin. It was demonstrated that histidine-tagged scFvs could be equally efficiently coupled to an NTA-Ni2+-containing lipid bilayer from a purified sample as from an expression s

Objective. Because treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists may increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB), and because knowledge of the risk of TB in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not treated with biologics is scarce and of uncertain generalizability to low-risk populations, this study sought to determine the risk of TB among Swedish patients with RA. Methods. Using data from Swedish nation

Reconstructions of solar activity prior to AD1600 rely on estimates of the past production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides in the Earth’s atmosphere. These rates are modulated by the strength of the solar magnetic field and the intensity of the Earth’s geomagnetic dipole. One of the largest uncertainties associated with these reconstructions originates from palaeointensity data and to show how e

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) proteins play important roles in morphogenesis of many cramofacial tissues; however, detailed biological mechanisms of TGF-beta action, particularly in vivo, are still poorly understood. Here, we deleted the TGF-beta type I receptor gene Alk5 specifically in the embryonic ectodermal and neural crest cell lineages. Failure in signaling via this receptor, e

As part of a process-outcome study the development of the ward atmosphere over 5 years in a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy was investigated. The Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to patients -about equal numbers of psychotic and non-psychotic—and staff on ten occasions, covering three phases. The ward atmosphere was distinguished

To estimate the metabolic costs of regrowth of reproductive organs and formation of eggs, we compared the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of female great tits (Parus major) during the periods of ovarian recrudescence, egg laying, nestling feeding and during winter. We found RMR of individual females, as measured in an open circuit respirometer during night, to be significantly higher during all the b

The dynamics of the synthesis of a mesoporous silica material SBA-15 is followed using time-resolved in situ H-1 NMR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Block copolymer-silica particles of two-dimensional hexagonal symmetry evolve from an initially micellar solution. The synthesis was carried out with the block copolymer Pluronic P123 (EO20-PO70-EO20) at 35 degreesC and using tetramethyl o

Potentially high human exposures to nanometer sized airborne particles occur due to welding and other thermal processes in industrial environments. Detailed field measurements of physical and chemical particle characteristics were performed in three work-shops in Sweden. Measurements were performed both in the plume 5-20 cm above the welding point and in the background air (more than 5 m away from

Using different sources of human embryonic stem cells for research raises different ethical problems. Experimenting on embryos created for in vitro fertilization but left unused, or embryos, created specially for research raise ethical questions. In the first case – whether using “spare” human embryos for research means a lack of respect for the beginning of human life, and in the second – whether

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life within a sample of cervical cancer survivors. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, 46 cervical cancer survivors at clinical stage I or II and one survivor at stage 0, were evaluated. Two control groups were selected from an ongoing cohort study, in which 527 women were postmenopausal and 344 women were postmenopausal with HRT. All contro

Knowledge of the three-dimensional orthogonal directions of wood material at any position within a tree is necessary for the understanding of strength reducing effects of knots and essential for the continuation of research in areas which relate small clear wood specimen behavior to the behavior of full size structural timber. A complete three-dimensional paradigm describing the geometry of knots

Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have shown ordered arrangement of molecules for low coverages up to 1 ML. Evaporation of H2Pc onto HOPG and annealing of the sample to 670 K result in a densely packed structure of the molecules. Arrangements of submonolayer, monolayer, and monolayer