Background. A quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be 95%-100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to HPV-6,-11,-16, and-18 in 16-26-year-old women naive for HPV vaccine types. Because most women in the general population are sexually active, some will have already been infected with >= 1 H

The legume goat's rue (Galega orientalis) and its microsymbiont Rhizobium galegae have an unusually strict host-bacteria specificity. The reason for this is not known. We have identified and analysed six genes in G. orientalis assumed to be involved in the recognition processes between legumes and rhizobia. The genes were isolated from a library made from nodulating roots. The genes were identifie

The deleterious effects of inbreeding can be substantial in wild populations and mechanisms to avoid such matings have evolved in many organisms. In situations where social mate choice is restricted, extrapair paternity may be a strategy used by females to avoid inbreeding and increase offspring heterozygosity. In the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis, neither so

Haemophilia is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. In Sweden, with a population of approximately 8.5 million, about 350 people suffer from the more severe forms of haemophilia or von Willebrand disease. Meticulous management is important if the patients are to be spared chronic disability and serious treatment complications. The disease is lifelong and affects psychosocial aspects of

In arterial vessel wall characterisation the longitudinal movements of vessels have gained little or no attention. It has been presumed that the arterial vessels move very little in the longitudinal direction. With modern high resolution ultrasound it can, however, be seen that arterial vessels move not only in the circumferential, but also in longitudinal direction. This paper describes a non-inv

The level scheme of Mn-51 has been investigated using the Si-28(S-32 2alpha1p)Mn-51 fusion-evaporation reaction at 125 MeV beam energy. The gamma rays were detected in the Ge-detector array Gammasphere, which was coupled to the 4pi-charged-particle detector Microball and the Neutron Shell for the coincident detection of evaporated particles. Over 100 new gamma-ray transitions connecting some 50 ex

1. The effects of antimalarial drugs on the intracellular signaling leading to activation of the phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 pathways and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines have been studied in mouse macrophages. 2. Both chloroquine and quinacrine, and to a lesser extent hydroxychloroquine, inhibited arachidonate release and eicosanoid formation induced by phorbol diester. This in

Objectives & Methods: Diseases of the human urinary tract represent common morbidities characterized by a high prevalence in the population of most westernized countries. The existeince of a significant number of affected patients and the recent increase in scientific attention has resulted in various experimental and clinical efforts in order to evaluate the mechanisms controlling the functio