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Adiponectin as a predictor of mortality and readmission in patients with community-acquired pneumonia : a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and is inversely associated with obesity. Given the association between low body mass index (BMI) and higher mortality risk after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we hypothesized that high adiponectin levels are associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CAP.METHODS: In a prospective cohort study of 502 patients

Clinical progression, disease severity, and mortality among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants : A population-based, matched cohort study

BACKGROUND: To compare the intrinsic virulence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant with the delta variant in hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).METHODS: All adults hospitalized in the Capital Region of Copenhagen with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 and an available variant dete

High titers of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies six months after symptom onset are associated with increased severity in COVID-19 hospitalized patients

BACKGROUND: Viral shedding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) dynamics among patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune correlates of protection have been key questions throughout the pandemic. We investigated the duration of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity, infectious viral shedding and NAb titers as well as the association be

Are Undernutrition and Obesity Associated with Post-Discharge Mortality and Re-Hospitalization after Hospitalization with Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

Undernutrition is associated with increased mortality after hospitalization with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), whereas obesity is associated with decreased mortality in most studies. We aimed to determine whether undernutrition and obesity are associated with increased risk of re-hospitalization and post-discharge mortality after hospitalization. This study was nested within the Surviving Pn

Early stimulated immune responses predict clinical disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

BACKGROUND: The immune pathogenesis underlying the diverse clinical course of COVID-19 is poorly understood. Currently, there is an unmet need in daily clinical practice for early biomarkers and improved risk stratification tools to help identify and monitor COVID-19 patients at risk of severe disease.METHODS: We performed longitudinal assessment of stimulated immune responses in 30 patients hospi

Biomarkers for iron metabolism among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, and influenza

Ferritin, the central iron storage protein, has attracted attention as a biomarker of severe COVID-19. Few studies have investigated regulators of iron metabolism in the context of COVID-19. The aim was to evaluate biomarkers for iron metabolism in the acute phase response to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by SARS-CoV-2 compared with CAP caused by bacteria or influenza virus in hospital

Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria : a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Different pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has re-emphasized the vital role of respiratory viruses as a cause of CAP. The aim was to explore differences in metabolic profile, body composition, physical capacity, and inflammation between pati

The impact of physical training on length of hospital stay and physical function in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia : protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide. Bed rest with low levels of physical activity is common during periods of hospitalization and leads to functional decline as well as increased risk of complications. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of supervised physical training during hospitalization with CAP compared with standard usual

Clinical and biochemical presentation of sarcoidosis with high and normal serum angiotensin-converting enzyme

OBJECTIVES: The presentation of sarcoidosis can involve symptoms from all organs and the diagnosis is therefore often difficult. A raised serum level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) can be detected in 41-58% of patients. However, whether the sACE level per se reflects the severity of the sarcoid inflammation at the onset of the disease is not well described. The purpose of this study

Plasma and CSF neurofilament light chain distinguish neurodegenerative from primary psychiatric conditions in a clinical setting

INTRODUCTION: People with neurodegenerative disorders (ND) frequently face diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis. We investigated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) to distinguish ND from primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), a common challenge in clinical settings. METHODS: Plasma and CSF NfL levels were measured and compared between groups, adjusting for age, sex, and

The Hallmarks of Superfluidity in Exotic Phases of Bose Gases : Self-bound Droplets, Mixed Bubbles and Supersolids

This thesis investigates superfluidity in exotic phases of ultracold bosonic gases, namely self-bound droplets, mixed bubbles, and dipolar supersolids. We investigated these systems analytically and numerically using an extended Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism. The dissertation offers six chapters, providing the necessary derivations to build the required background and underst

Order Picking Optimization as a Service

Order-picking is one of the costliest processes in warehouses and we investigate how it can be optimized using Software as a Service (SaaS). First, we describe three specific order-picking optimization problems: The Picker Routing Problem (PRP), the Order Batching Problem (OBP) and the Storage Location Assignment Problem (SLAP). The PRP is a type of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) where we find a

Conflict and revolt in the name of unity: Florentine factions in the Consulte e Pratiche on the cusp of the Ciompi Revolt

We analyze public-policy speeches in the Florentine Consulte e Pratiche, immediately prior to the Ciompi Revolt, for signs of elite factional conflict, in the context of self-proclaimed unity. We employ three statistical analyses of these speeches in Latin: namely, scatterplots of word frequencies, Wordfish scaling, and regressions on speech-similarities. Plus we employ two qualitative analyses: a

Political discussion and debate in narrative time: the Florentine Consulte e Pratiche, 1376–1378

The Florentine Consulte e Pratiche is the oldest recorded series of speech-by-speech policy discussion by political elites in European history, over one hundred and fifty years in length. This article is the first of an extended two-article sequence on political discussion in the Consulte e Pratiche, during the 1376–1378 period of the War of Eight Saints, which led up to the famous Ciompi Revolt.

S.E.K. Mqhayi and African social analysis: African sociological thought in colonial South Africa

African intellectual traditions have much to offer social analysis, yet many historical African intellectuals remain obscured by history and peripheral to contemporary academic work. This paper turns to the writings of the prolific amaXhosa intellectual S.E.K. Mqhayi, exploring his social and political thought, and considering how his work can be taken as part of an African sociological tradition.

IsiXhosa Intellectual Traditions Digital Archive: Digitizing isiXhosa texts from 1870-1914

This article offers an overview of the IsiXhosa Intellectual Traditions Digital Archive, which hosts digitized texts and images of early isiXhosa newspapers and books from 1870-1914. The archive offers new opportunities for a range of research across multiple fields, and responds to debates around the importance of African intellectual traditions and their indigenous language sources in generating

Analyzing political formation through historical isiXhosa text analysis: Using frequency analysis to examine emerging African Nationalism in South Africa

This paper showcases new research avenues made possible by applying computational methods to historical isiXhosa text. I outline a method for isiXhosa computational text analysis which adapts word frequency analysis to be applied to isiXhosa texts focusing on root words. The paper showcases the value of the approach in a study of emerging political identities in early African nationalism, examinin