A method is described for production of time series of atmospherically distorted wavefronts following Kolmogorov statistics. The method uses Taylor's hypothesis (`frozen turbulence') to generate the temporal development of the aberrations caused by an atmospheric turbulence layer. An arbitrary number of turbulence layers can be used to generate the final wavefront.

This book examines gender and the dynamics of social change in contemporary Iran, documenting the changes in women's lives and showing how women now have become agents of social change rather than victims. Bringing together the detailed primary research of a number of eminent scholars working in Iran, this collection provides unique perspectives on the past decade in Iranian society and explores t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inom jonstråleanalysen används en partikelstråle, vanligtvis av protoner eller alfapartiklar, med hög energi för undersökning av prov. Då dessa partiklar skjuts in i provet sker kollisioner, reaktioner eller annan form av växelverkan med elektroner och kärnor i provets inre. En del av dessa processer ger upphov till högenergetisk strålning som kan studeras med lämpliga In nuclear microprobe experiments, high resolution maps of the measured parameter, e.g. element- or mass distribution, in a sample can be produced with a variety of ion beam analytical techniques. The principle underlying all the techniques is that ions at MeV energies are used as projectiles to cause interactions with the target material. Because of the limited range of ions in matter, there is a

The definition of Validation and Verification (V&V) tests for analysing evacuation model capabilities is the object of a large debate among researchers given the lack of an international standard. Four main types of tests have been reported in the literature, 1) component testing, 2) functional verification, 3) qualitative verification and 4) quantitative validation. An important issue relates

The core of Alexander Wendt’s theorization of international politics consists in his intellectual endeavour to develop a theory of the international system as a “social construction,” which lies in stark contrast to the positivist and materialist conceptions of IR as theorized particularly by realists and liberalists. In fact, it is an originally “cultural” theory of international politics explain

Some metal ions, such as copper and zinc, are essential nutrients and catalysts in biochemical reactions. Other metal ions, e.g. cadmium and mercury, are highly toxic elements. Heavy metals detection has proven difficult with classical as well as experimental analytical methods. Novel techniques are required for the measurement of bioavailable toxic elements and for detecting small ligands binding

Natural products have contributed for many years to the development of new medicines for the treatment of diseases. Their structural diversity and complexity have inspired chemists to produce interesting compounds with pharmaceutical use. Although many pharmaceutical companies have eliminated or scaled down their natural products research, they still remain an important source of new drugs. This