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The paradox of workplace violence in the intensive care unit : a focus group study

Background: Conflicts with patients and relatives occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), driven by factors that are intensified by critical illness and its treatments. A majority of ICU healthcare professionals have experienced verbal and/or physical violence. There is a need to understand how healthcare professionals in ICUs experience and manage this workplace violence. Methods: A qual

Extreme mitochondrial reduction in a novel group of free-living metamonads

Metamonads are a diverse group of heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes adapted to living in hypoxic environments. All metamonads but one harbour metabolically altered ‘mitochondrion-related organelles’ (MROs) with reduced functions, however the degree of reduction varies. Here, we generate high-quality draft genomes, transcriptomes, and predicted proteomes for five recently discovered free-living me

The rate of W chromosome degeneration across multiple avian neo-sex chromosomes

When sex chromosomes evolve recombination suppression, the sex-limited chromosome (Y/W) commonly degenerate by losing functional genes. The rate of Y/W degeneration is believed to slow down over time as the most essential genes are maintained by purifying selection, but supporting data are scarce especially for ZW systems. Here, we study W degeneration in Sylvioidea songbirds where multiple autoso

Exposure to source-specific air pollution in residential areas and its association with dementia incidence : a cohort study in Northern Sweden

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between source-specific ambient particulate air pollution concentrations and the incidence of dementia. The study encompassed 70,057 participants from the Västerbotten intervention program cohort in Northern Sweden with a median age of 40 years at baseline. High-resolution dispersion models were employed to estimate source-specific particul

Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis and adherence to current guidelines—a multicentre SNAPSHOT study

Purpose: To explore whether previous participation in clinical studies increases adherence to management guidelines in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was designed to give a SNAPSHOT of the management of AUD at six hospitals, three of which had participated in the AVOD trial comparing antibiotic versus non-antibiotic treatment of AUD. Patients wit

Spline-based methods for functional data on multivariate domains

Functional data analysis is typically performed in two steps: first, functionally representing discrete observations, and then applying functional methods to the so-represented data. The initial choice of a functional representation may have a significant impact on the second phase of the analysis, as shown in recent research, where data-driven spline bases outperformed the predefined rigid choice

The role of bystandership for socially sustainable and inclusive police organisations

This chapter seeks to explore the intersections between occupational cultures, bystanders, and social justice and inclusion based on the empirical example of policing. Specifically, we pursue the question: what is the role of police officers as bystanders to occupational police culture and how does that influence inclusion? Against the backdrop of occupational culture, we put forth four key aspect

Rationale and design of INFINITY-SWEDEHEART : A registry-based randomized clinical trial comparing clinical outcomes of the sirolimus-eluting DynamX bioadaptor to the zotarolimus-eluting Resolute Onyx stent

Background: Modern drug-eluting stents have seen significant improvements, yet still create a rigid cage within the coronary artery. There is a 2% to 4% annual incidence of target lesion failure (TLF) beyond 1 year, and half of the patients experience angina after 5 years. The DynamX bioadaptor is a sirolimus-eluting, thin (71 µm) cobalt-chromium platform with helical strands that unlock and separ

Lepowsky's and Wakimoto's product formulas for the affine Lie algebras Cl(1)

In this paper, we recall Lepowsky's and Wakimoto's product character formulas formulated in a new way by using arrays of specialized weighted crystals of negative roots for affine Lie algebras of type Cl(1), Dl+1(2) and A2l(2). Lepowsky–Wakimoto's infinite periodic products appear as one side of (conjectured) Rogers–Ramanujan-type combinatorial identities for affine Lie algebras of type Cl(1).

Unraveling the metabolomic architecture of autism in a large Danish population-based cohort

Background: The prevalence of autism in Denmark has been increasing, reaching 1.65% among 10-year-old children, and similar trends are seen elsewhere. Although there are several factors associated with autism, including genetic, environmental, and prenatal factors, the molecular etiology of autism is largely unknown. Here, we use untargeted metabolomics to characterize the neonatal metabolome from

Recombinant human enamelin produced in Escherichia coli promotes mineralization in vitro

Background: Enamelin is an enamel matrix protein that plays an essential role in the formation of enamel, the most mineralized tissue in the human body. Previous studies using animal models and proteins from natural sources point to a key role of enamelin in promoting mineralization events during enamel formation. However, natural sources of enamelin are scarce and with the current study we theref

Language discrepancies in the performance of generative artificial intelligence models : an examination of infectious disease queries in English and Arabic

Background: Assessment of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models across languages is crucial to ensure equitable access and accuracy of information in multilingual contexts. This study aimed to compare AI model efficiency in English and Arabic for infectious disease queries. Methods: The study employed the METRICS checklist for the design and reporting of AI-based studies in healthcare. The AI

Altered hypoxia-induced cellular responses and inflammatory profile in lung fibroblasts from COPD patients compared to control subjects

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic bronchitis, emphysema and vascular remodelling. The disease is associated with hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung fibroblasts are important cells in remodelling processes in COPD, as main producers of extracellular matrix proteins but also in synthesis of growth factors and in

Tribology and airborne particle emissions from grey cast iron and WC reinforced laser cladded brake discs

Laser cladding (LC) is a promising technique to overlay a protective coating on grey cast iron (GCI) brake discs to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance. This study utilized a pin-on-disc tribometer in an aerosol chamber to investigate the tribology and airborne particle emissions from tungsten carbides (WC) reinforced coating overlayed onto GCI substrate through laser cladding. Uncoated GCI

Predictors of successful transition of adolescents and young adults living with HIV from pediatric to adult-oriented care in southern Ethiopia : a retrospective cohort study

Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the life expectancies of children and adolescents living with HIV, leading to an increased number transitioning to adult care. However, there has been a lack of studies in Ethiopia focusing on factors influencing the success of this transition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine predictors of a su

Unveiling the heterogeneous utilisation of the same digital patient management platform : case studies in primary healthcare in Sweden

Background: The utilisation of digital technology in primary healthcare, particularly digital patient management platforms, has gained prominence, notably due to the global pandemic. These platforms are positioned as substitutes for face-to-face consultations and telephone triage. They are seen as a potential solution to the escalating costs associated with an aging population, increasing chronic

Reconnecting children to nature : The efficacy of a wildlife intervention depends on local nature and socio-economic context, but not on urbanisation

Children's interactions with nature are important mediators of health benefits and future relationships with nature and conservation. However, there are growing concerns that children are becoming disconnected from nature as societal changes make natural environments and their affordances less accessible. There is now a need to explore ways to reconnect children to nature. We evaluated bird feedin

Probing properties of green surfactant-based formulation by combining scattering and rheology : The case study of cocoyl methyl glucamide

Green surfactants, categorized as biobased and biosurfactants, pose formulation challenges due to their compositional variability and biodegradability. Our work addresses these challenges in formulating a hard surface cleaning spray. We utilize glucamide surfactants with a high renewable carbon index (RCI=95 %), incorporating limonene as both solvent and perfume. Additionally, the concept of formu

A light-efficient and versatile multiplexing method for snapshot spectral imaging

The study of rapid and stochastic events that involve multiple species, such as chemical reactions and plasma dynamics, requires means to capture multispectral information in two dimensions at both high temporal- and spatial resolution. Commercially available cameras that provide high temporal resolution are based on either signal intensification or rapid data acquisition. Intensified cameras prov