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Civil conscription was a way to supply personnel for the civilian part of Swedish total defence. In 2010, the Swedish government chose to replace civil conscription with voluntary service. However in 2023, 13 years after the decision, it seems as reactivation is underway as the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) has been tasked to prepare for the activation of civil conscription for municipa

There is only one answer to why we did not have a referendum on applying for NATO membership. The changed security situation in Europe and the clearly changed threat against Sweden that has arisen from Russia's invasion of Ukraine have changed political views on Sweden's security. Sweden, which has been publicly neutral and non-aligned, is now choosing a clear side and requesting entry int

In recent years, both the price and the security of supply of plannable energy have changed drastically with increasing uncertainty regarding pricing and availability. The political will to ensure access to plannable and safe energy supply nationally has increased significantly during the same period. The study examines the question of whether the lack of cheap planable energy with the threat of e

According to the Swedish defense decision in 2020, the government decided to increase the military organization regarding the number of soldiers that can be put on active duty in case of war, from 60 000 to 90 000 men. The Swedish government came to a decision together with the help of two reports that the Swedish Defense Commission had written. In the decision, they wanted to reestablish a milita

In a recent survey made on behalf of The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency it shows that 37 per cent of the Swedish population meet the governmental recommendations about civilian readiness during a societal emergency. In a different survey about interpersonal trust the results show that approximately 40 per cent of the people in Sweden do not feel high levels of trust towards others. This st

Divers from the Swedish Navy who specialize in explosive ordnance disposal are renowned for their professionalism and expertise. This study sheds light on the transformation that began at the start of the new millennium in an effort to become more adaptable and compatible with partners. The research was conducted through a qualitative study that comprised of directed open interviews. Multiple Stre

I have long been fascinated by the St. Pauli cemeteries in Malmö and how they relate to the city itself. A large residential area, Norra Sorgenfri, is currently being built around the cemeteries. As the city’s population density increases, more people use these cemeteries as their nearest green space. The work examines the possibilities for developing the use of St. Pauli cemeteries, as the city g

This paper investigates the efficacy of using various concentration strategies during musical performance in order to redirect the mind away from distracting thoughts and back to the present moment. I have recorded myself playing three different musical passages with four different mental focuses: physical sensations, technique, mental imagery, and internal singing. Throughout this research, I hav

The deep-sea may be on the verge of becoming the latest frontier for resource extraction of critical metals and minerals in order to build renewable energy technologies such as electric vehicles. This thesis examines the narratives used by the deep-sea mining company The Metals Company to justify the extraction of polymetallic nodules from the seabed in the Clarion Clipperton Zone in the Pacific O

This Bachelor’s thesis consists of an empirical study using a gravity regression model to determine if Ukrainian bilateral export flows were affected by the 2014 war through an increase in political and social risk functioning as trade resistance. There is an empirical research gap on this issue that this thesis attempts to mitigate. The study was conducted using PPML with fixed effects to solve t

Inför mitt examensarbete kändes det viktigt och intressant att titta tillbaka på min identitet som arkitektstuderande och hur den har vuxit fram. Jag inser däri att min ingång till arkitektur kommer ur mina personliga upplevelser och erfarenheter. Val om projekt jag gör i rollen som arkitekt kopplar till mina minnen från barnsben även om intresset inte nödvändigtvis började där. I denna tankegång

Den svenska mervärdesskattelagen, ML, stadgar att mervärdesskatt ska beta-las vid omsättning av vara. Ett exempel på när sådan omsättning föreligger är enligt 2 kap. 1 § 1 p. då en vara överlåts mot ersättning. Mot bakgrund av att mervärdesskatterätten i hög utsträckning är unionsrättsligt harmoniserad ska ML tolkas i ljuset av mervärdesskattedirektivet. I direktivet används inte be-greppet omsättThe Swedish Value Added Tax Act provides that VAT must be paid whenever there is a turnover of goods. An example of such turnover is, according to Chapter 2, Section 1(1), when goods are transferred against payment. How-ever, given that VAT law is largely harmonized under EU law, the Swedish Value Added Tax Act must be interpreted in the light of the VAT Directive. The concept of turnover is not u

In the vehicle industry, as well as rest of society, efficiency and automatization is increasingly important. For the vehicle industry, the next big step in vehicle evolution is automated vehicles, AVs. AVs are predicted not only to make transportation easier but also safer. This thesis will further examine the present EU legislation in product liability, how the presentation of AVs will be affect

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how probit functions have changed based on research that has been conducted by RIVM in the Netherlands, and to investigate how the calculated risk evaluation changes when using new values derived in QRAs conducted in Sweden. The goal was to quantify any differences that might occur due to the changes in probit functions. To conduct this thesis a survey

FN’s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättningar är inte bara det ledande instrumentet inom internationell funktionshindersrätt utan knyter även samman fältet med en rad andra områden inom den internationella människorättsjuridiken. I konventionens 27e artikel garanteras rätten till arbete för personer med funktionsnedsättningar, och därigenom kopplas den internationella funkThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is not only the main instrument of international disability law, but also connects the field with a multitude of other areas of international human rights law. In its 27th Article it guarantees the right to work for persons with disabilities, thereby bridging the gap between international disability- and international labour

Hållbart resande är idag viktigare än någonsin att ta hänsyn till. Det är inte längre fossildrivna motorfordon som allmänt anses vara vägen framåt i samhället. Resor bör helst ske med hjälp av transporter vars miljöpåverkan är så liten som möjligt, där gång, cykel och kollektivtrafik förväntas användas mer. I Lunds kommun och Malmö stad är fokus på hållbara transporter starkt närvarande i deras stTo travel sustainable means more than using sustainable transportation; it is important to ensure that the entire journey is sustainable for one to go from one destination to another. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the entire journey is addressed by municipalities' Master Plan and traffic and mobility documents. Specifically, the study analyzed the municipality of Lund and the

Betesmarker kan rädda våra pollinatörer Pollinatörer gör att vi får mat i form av frukt, grönsaker, vilda växter och frön. Det senaste århundrandet har jordbruket blivit allt mer intensivt vilket gjort att pollinatörer minskat, framförallt de med specifika karaktärsdrag. Små pollinatörer, och de som har specialiserad diet och boplats har pekats ut som särskilt utsatta för intensivt jordbruk. En aIn the last century, agricultural intensification has led to loss of permanent pastures in the landscape which has been correlated with a loss in biodiversity. Specifically, small specialist species are more negatively affected. Often because they have a higher demand on suitable complementary habitats, larger home-range requirements of a high quality. Small species also have a lower mobility and

Exploring the sex and gender differences in the human brain Sex and gender differences in human brain are both of scientific and societal interest, and impact a wide range of physiological processes, including brain development, behaviour, and disease risk. Currently, sex is defined as biological attributes due to the presence in the person’s genome of XX or XY chromosomes, while the gender ident