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Alkaline hydrolysis of polymers with ester groups studied by isothermal calorimetry

Alkaline hydrolysis of polymers produces heat that can be measured with isothermal calorimetry to monitor the hydrolysis. We here report on two studies to measure the enthalpy of alkaline hydrolysis of polymers containing esters of carboxylic acids. The heat from the hydrolysis of films of poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, was followed for up to 42 days and correlated with the amounts of acetic acid prod

Alignment of business and information strategies and its impact on business performance

Alignment between business strategy and information strategy has been focused on for several years with research suggesting different explanations to how this alignment influences a firm's performance. This article presents results from an investigation of firms in Slovenia about how business people perceived their business strategy and information strategy to be aligned. Respondents? statements f

Effects of laser prepulse on proton generation

Prepulse is a major issue for laser generation of protons, often limiting the performances of laser sources. Here, we show the use of prepulse (1013W/cm2, ns duration) to actively manipulate the proton beam direction. Under oblique high-intensity irradiation (approximate to 1019W/cm2, ps duration) of the thin foil target, and for low prepulse intensities, the proton beam is directed away from the

Maf transcription factors in beta cell function

Popular Abstract in English According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 415 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide. Diabetes occurs when the pancreatic beta cells are no longer able to produce or properly use insulin. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by enabling glucose uptake into cells, providing the body with energy. Elevated glucose levels cause damages to highly vasDiabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder caused by a defect or lack of beta cell-produced insulin that controls blood glucose homeostasis. In addition to glucose, insulin secretion is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS); the neurotransmitter acetylcholine as well as monoamines, such as dopamine, serotonin, melatonin and norepinephrine. Using a MafA mutant mouse model, we show that MafA

Characterization of quasi-monoenergetic electron beams at the lund laser centre

Experiments performed with the high-contrast 0.7-J 35-fs Ti:sapphire laser at the Lund Laser Centre focused into a helium gas jet have produced quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with energies up to 150 MeV. The beam is produced as a result of controlled wavebreaking of a wakefield generated by the relativistically channeled laser beam. Under the best conditions of laser energy and plasma density,

A Single-Cell Gene-Expression Profile Reveals Inter-Cellular Heterogeneity within Human Monocyte Subsets.

Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population classified into three different subsets: Classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+, and non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes. These subsets are distinguished by their differential expression of CD14 and CD16, and unique gene expression profile. So far, the variation in inter-cellular gene expression within the monocyte subsets is largely unk

The neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate in the experimental ischemia of hippocampus

In this study we investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) on the hippocampus in the transient vessel occlusion ischemia model in the Mongolian gerbil. The morphological and biochemical studies were performed at 7 days after occlusion of carotid arteries. The acute reduction of NeuN-positive neurons in the CA1 pyramidal layer of the hippocampus was accompanied by i

Antimicrobial sensitivity-A natural resource to be protected by a Pigouvian tax?

Since their discovery more than 70 years ago antibiotic drugs have been efficient tools for treating bacterial infections, and their use has reduced the number of fatalities and the suffering from bacterial diseases. However, the use of antibiotics may lead to resistance to the same or other antibiotics. The risk of resistance appears to be larger in veterinary medicine, since antibiotics have bee

Post-historikern

The article discusses the identity, roles, and duties of the professional historian in an era in which the historical dimension is no longer a historian's monopoly. It is argued that the standard modern framework of understanding a historian as someone highly specialized in the production of 'new' history has to give way to a new understanding that situates the historian in historical culture, whi

Ground state potential energy surfaces around selected atoms from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering.

Thermally driven chemistry as well as materials' functionality are determined by the potential energy surface of a systems electronic ground state. This makes the potential energy surface a central and powerful concept in physics, chemistry and materials science. However, direct experimental access to the potential energy surface locally around atomic centers and to its long-range structure are la

Intervention randomized controlled trials involving wrist and shoulder arthroscopy: a systematic review

Background: Although arthroscopy of upper extremity joints was initially a diagnostic tool, it is increasingly used for therapeutic interventions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing treatment efficacy. We aimed to review the literature for intervention RCTs involving wrist and shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: We performed a systematic review for RCTs i

Is orbital angular momentum (OAM) based radio communication an unexploited area?

We compare the technique of using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of radio waves for generating multiple channels in a radio communication scenario with traditional multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) communication methods. We demonstrate that, for certain array configurations in free space, traditional MIMO theory leads to eigen-modes identical to the OAM states. From this we conclude that communi

Microporous La-Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) with Large Surface Area

A microporous La-metal-organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized by the reaction of La(NO3)(3)center dot 6H(2)O with a ligand 4,4',4''-s-triazine-1,3,5-triyltri-p-aminobenzoate (TATAB) featuring three carboxylate groups. Crystal structure analysis confirms the formation of 3D MOF with hexagonal micropores, a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1074 m(2)g(-1) and high thermal and chemic

UV protective compounds transferred from a marine dinoflagellate to its copepod predator

Planktonic organisms living in surface waters can be exposed to harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but few studies have examined accumulation of UV protective compounds in marine zooplankton. Zooplankters are suggested to lack the ability to synthesize these substances and hence must accumulate them from their algal food. Here, we show that both phytoplankton (dinoflagellates) and thei

High precision measurements using high frequency gigahertz signals

Generalized lock-in amplifiers use digital cavities with Q-factors as high as 5 × 108 to measure signals with very high precision. In this Note, we show that generalized lock-in amplifiers can be used to analyze microwave (giga-hertz) signals with a precision of few tens of hertz. We propose that the physical changes in the medium of propagation can be measured precisely by the ultra-high precisio