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The majority of nitrogen in forest soils is found in organic matter-protein complexes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are thought to have a key role in decomposing and mobilizing nitrogen from such complexes. However, little is known about the mechanisms governing these processes, how they are regulated by the carbon in the host plant and the availability of more easily available forms of nitrogen so

Porous liquid crystalline lipid-based nanoparticles are shown here to enable protein analysis in microchip electroseparation by reducing sample adsorption. Additionally, higher stability and reproducibility of the separations were observed. The method was tested by separating green fluorescent protein (GFP) in hot embossed cyclic olefin polymer microchips with integrated fiber grooves for LIF dete

We have recently shown that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) induces a decrease in microvascular blood flow in the small intestinal loop close to the dressing. The effect of NPWT is thus thought to be local. In this study, we investigate whether the application of NPWT in laparostomy affects the haemodynamics. Midline incisions were made in six pigs followed by NPWT at -120 mmHg for 20 minut

We investigated how two groups of Turkish–Dutch bilinguals and two groups of monolingual speakers of the two languages described static topological relations. The bilingual groups differed with respect to their first (L1) and second (L2) language proficiencies and a number of sociolinguistic factors. Using an elicitation tool that covers a wide range of topological relations, we first assessed the

Three recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the highly conserved central complex of the insect brain, showing how it provides an internal representation of body orientation, encodes behaviorally relevant sensory cues, and at the same time controls motor actions.

We propose a structure and motion estimation scheme based on a dynamic systems approach, where states and parameters in a perspective system are estimated. An online method for structure and motion estimation in densely sampled image sequences is presented. The proposed method is based on an extended Kalman filter and a novel parametrization. We derive a dynamic system describing the motion of the

Background Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods In a collaborative met

Coastal eutrophication by nutrient fluxes from agricultural land to marine recipients is presently com- bated by measures such as the implementation of watershed-scale wetland creation programs aimed at nitrogen removal. Such created agricultural wetlands – termed ‘nitrogen farming wetlands’ (NFWs) – receive nitrogen (N) loads predominantly as nitrate, facilitating N removal by denitrification. Ho

The results of a search for pair production of the scalar partners of bottom quarks in 2: 05 fb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS experiment are reported. Scalar bottom quarks are searched for in events with large missing transverse momentum and two jets in the final state, where both jets are identified as originating from a bottom quark. In an R-parity conserving minimal sup

For triangles with linear vertex motion, common practice is to backface cull a triangle if it is backfacing at both the start and end of the motion. However, this is not conservative. We derive conservative tests that guarantee that a moving triangle is backfacing over an entire time interval and over the area of a lens. In addition, we present tests for the special cases of only motion blur and o

Aim: To develop and validate a questionnaire for detecting atopic dermatitis in infants and small children from the age of 2 months. Methods: Parents to 60 children answered a written questionnaire prior to a physical examination and individual semistructured interview. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the questionnaire were pe

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of the multifaceted phenomenon of home and health, by exploring processes underlying these dynamics when living at home in very old age. METHOD: A qualitative meta-synthesis was used on four complementary qualitative studies, based on data from the Swedish ENABLE-AGE In-depth Study, focusing on very old, single-living people's expe

In spite of the growing attention to climate-induced migration, a coherent understanding of the matter is lackingas any articulated governance strategy. Although such an impasse relates to the unprecedented socioecological processes involved, we argue that many of the challenges posed by climate-induced migration are not unique in the history of global environmental governance. Proceeding from thi

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common condition that causes severe symptoms, bother, and quality-of-life impact in the 8.2% of men who are believed to be affected. Research suggests a complex pathophysiology underlying this syndrome that is mirrored by its heterogeneous clinical presentation. Management of patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS has always been a formidabl

Knee-replacement surgery is frequently done and highly successful. It relieves pain and improves knee function in people with advanced arthritis of the joint. The most common indication for the procedure is osteoarthritis. We review the epidemiology of and risk factors for knee replacement. Because replacement is increasingly considered for patients younger than 55 years, improved decision making

The European Association of Urology non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) guidelines recommend that all low- and intermediate-risk patients receive a single immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), but its use remains controversial.

The photo-fragmentation of ammonia molecular clusters ionized with soft x-rays is studied for photon energies near the N-1s threshold. The fragmentation is studied with a 3D momentum mass spectrometer to access the energy and angular correlations between fragments. By choosing the cluster sizes below or above the critical size of stable dication, we investigate the coulomb explosion dynamics and t

Regional government formation in varying multilevel contexts: a comparison of eight European countries, Regional Studies. Although governance in multilevel settings has become a prominent research field in political science, there are few comparative studies that focus on explaining sub-national coalition outcomes in such settings. This paper sets out to study regional government formation in eigh

The chapter explores how users ascribe gender to a visually androgynous teachable agent, and if and how the ascribed gender can influence the perceived personality characteristics of the agent. Previous studies have shown positive effects of using agents with more neutral or androgynous appearances, for instance, a more gender neutral agent evoked more positive attitudes on females than did a more