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Clonal success of piliated penicillin nonsusceptible pneumococci

Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci is due to the spread of strains belonging to a limited number of clones. The Spain(9v)-3 clone of sequence type (ST)156 is one of the most successful clones with reduced susceptibility to penicillin [pneumococci nonsusceptible to penicillin (PNSP)]. In Sweden during 2000-2003, a dramatic increase in the number of PNSP isolates was observed. Molecular characteri

Exploring the Multiple Roles of Lund University in Strengthening Scania's Regional Innovation System: Towards Institutional Learning?

Universities are increasingly seen as potential contributors to regional innovative capacity by serving as local knowledge conduits, bringing global state-of-the-art science and technology into the region. In practice, however, more active university engagement with their regional innovation systems is not as straightforward as it may seem. The article uses examples from a successful case by which

Cathepsin D, both a prognostic factor and a predictive factor for the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer. South Sweden Breast Cancer Group

Cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease implicated in cancer metastasis. Its concentration in breast tumours has also been shown to be of prognostic importance, although to what extent this is subject to lymph node status, the use of adjuvant therapy and menopausal status has not been clearly evaluated. At a cut-off level of 45 pmol/mg protein (61% of the 623 samples were classified as high cathepsin

Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers using anacardic acid monomers derived from cashew nut shell liquid

The objective of this work was to use monomers from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shells to develop molecularly imprinted polymers. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a cheap and renewable agro byproduct consisting of versatile monomers. Solvent-extracted CNSL contains over 80% anacardic acid (AnAc) with more than 90% degree of unsaturation in its C-15 side chain. From AnAc monomer, anacar

Transplantation of lungs from a non-heart-beating donor

BACKGROUND: In animals, we have previously done successful lung transplantations using organs from non-heart-beating donors. We have also developed an ex-vivo system of assessing the function of such organs before transplantation. The next stage was to try the technique in human beings. Bearing in mind the sensitive ethical issues involved, our first aim was to find out what procedures would be ac

Differences in bronchodilating potency of salbutamol in Turbuhaler as compared with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulation in patients with reversible airway obstruction

Two studies are presented, with the aim of establishing the dose potency ratio for salbutamol given via Turbuhaler and via a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Both studies were of a double-blind, randomized design. Outpatients with mild-to-moderate chronic reversible airway obstruction were given single doses of salbutamol administered via Turbuhaler and via pMDI. Efficacy and safety variab

Subaxial caudal dislocation of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis

Subaxial (below the C 2) caudal dislocation is in the present study defined as a complete or partial dislocation caudally of a vertebral body (C 3 or below) into the plane of a lower vertebral body. In rheumatoid arthritis this dislocation is combined with erosive lesions of the vertebral bodies. In the present retrospective study seven such cases are presented. All were middle-aged or elderly wom

Asymmetric Lewis Acid Catalysis in Water: alpha-Amino Acids as Effective Ligands in Aqueous Biphasic Catalytic Michael Additions

This article explores the potential of native a-amino acids as chiral ligands in aqueous asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis, employing the C-C bond forming Michael addition as a model reaction. Some insights are provided regarding the details of Yb(OTf)(3)/alpha-amino acid-catalyzed Michael additions in water through new kinetic data as well as studies on how both yield and selectivity are influenced

Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the activity and voltinism of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus

The spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is one of the major insect pests of mature Norway spruce forests. In this study, a model describing the temperature-dependent thresholds for swarming activity and temperature requirement for development from egg to adult was driven by transient regional climate scenario data for Sweden, covering the period of 1961-2100 for three future climate change scenario

The status of human nuclear transfer

Human therapeutic cloning is a recently emerged application of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is currently being performed to produce patient-specific stem cell lines for future stem cell therapies. The advantages in producing human nuclear transfer (NT) embryos to derive NT stem cell lines are that these can be tailor-made (i.e., are autologous in nature) for the patient and may over

Identifying M supergiants with Gaia

As a group of stars having high luminosity and thus being able to be detected to great distances, massive M supergiants are extremely helpful to the study of the kinematics of the Milky Way. They are also partly responsible for the creation of post iron-group elements through the weak s-process of nucleosynthesis. As there are relatively few classified M supergiants, owing to their rapid pace of e

Electrostatics in the presence of spherical dielectric discontinuities.

A united description of the electrostatics of an arbitrary number of electrostatic multipoles, each localized in a spherical dielectric cavity, in a dielectric medium is presented. The permanent charges as well as the polarization surface charges are described by multipole expansions in standard format. Expressions of the polarization surface charge density, the electrostatic potential energy, and

Norovirus strains belonging to the GII.4 genotype dominate as a cause of nosocomial outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Sweden 1997-2005 - Arrival of new variants is associated with large nation-wide epidemics

Background: In recent years an increase of the incidence of nosocomial outbreaks caused by noroviruses has been observed throughout Sweden, with high peaks noted in the winter seasons 2002/2003 and 2004/2005, respectively. Objectives: To phylogenetically characterize norovirus strains causing nosocomial outbreaks from 1997 to 2005 and estimate the impact of norovirus-like disease on the Swedish he

Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Effects of Adaptation in Human Postural Control

The short-term (i.e., days) and long-term (i.e., months) effects of adaptation to posturography examinations were investigated in 12 normal subjects who were repeatedly examined for five consecutive days and again after 90 days. The examinations were conducted both with eyes open and closed, and the perturbations were evoked by a pseudorandomly applied vibration stimulation to the calf muscles. Th

Bronchial mast cells are the dominating LTC4S-expressing cells in aspirin-tolerant asthma

The increased bronchial production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in asthma is assumed to derive from infiltrating eosinophils expressing LTC4-synthase (LTC4S). Multicolor immunohistofluorescence examination of bronchial cryosections from 30 treated, untreated, or bronchial antigen-provoked aspirin-tolerant individuals with asthma and nine control subjects revealed that the dominating LTC4S-expressing c

Variable fishing mortality and the possible commercial extinction of the eastern Baltic cod

The recent decline in the Baltic cod Gadus morhua L. has been accompanied by an increase in population variability. Small population size, poor recruitment, and high population variability may be factors contributing to their imminent (commercial) extinction. Here we show that variable harvest rate, rather than variable recruitment, is the plausible cause of the increased variance in Baltic cod st

Serum calcium is an independent predictor of quality of life in multiple myeloma

Bone disease is an important feature of multiple myeloma, and hypercalcaemia is a frequent complication of this disease. We examined the association between serum calcium and quality of life (QOL) scores of 686 multiple myeloma patients at the time of diagnosis. Data from two Nordic studies using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire were analysed by means of linear regression analysis and a curve fitti