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Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc

The aim of the study was to determine dietary risk factors for fracture in men aged 46-68 years. Six thousand five hundred and seventy-six men were randomly invited using the Municipal Registry to a diet and health study. The diet was assessed using a combined 7-day menu book for hot meals, beverages and dietary supplements and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for other foods. The fract

Bias in diet assessment methods - Consequences of collinearity and measurement errors on power and observed relative risks

Background. If several risk factors for disease are considered in a regression model and these factors are affected by measurement errors, the observed relative risk will be attenuated. In nutritional epidemiology, several nutrient variables show strong correlation, described as collinearity. The observed relative risk will then depend not only on the validity of the chosen diet assessment method

Patient insight - perioperative smoking and alcohol cessation intervention?

Background The involvement of patient preferences is sometimes forgotten in the evidence-based medicine and the development of clinical guidelines. Many preunderstandings among clinical staff exist on patients’ preferences towards smoking and alcohol cessation programs. The aim of this project was therefore to get insight of the patients’ preferences regarding undertaking smoking and risky alcohol

How should a group living unit for demented elderly be designed to decrease psychiatric symptoms?

The main objectives were to study relationships between the design of group living (GL) units and psychiatric symptoms in demented patients before, 6 months after, and 1 year after admission to GL units. The study population comprised 105 demented elderly (83 ± 6 years), 37% with dementia of Alzheimer's type and 58% with vascular dementia. The patients were relocated by the municipal care planning

Malnutrition in geriatric patients : A neglected problem?

The nutrient intake in geriatric long-stay patients and the mortality risk associated with low energy intake were studied in 61 patients, 43 women and 18 men, with a mean age of 87 years, at a geriatric long-stay care hospital during a 6-month follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed with a 9-day dietary record. Energy expenditure was calculated assuming a physical activity level of 1.33 × basal met

Children’s active participation in decision-making processes during hospitalisation: an observational study

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to explore and describe the child's active participation in daily healthcare practice at children's hospital units in Sweden.Objectives(a) Identify everyday situations in medical and nursing care that illustrate children's active participation in decision‐making, (b) identify various ways of active participation, actual and optimal in situations involving decision‐ma

Postural hypotension and EEG variables predict cognitive decline : Results from a 5-Year follow-up of healthy elderly women

Quantified electroencephalographic activity (EEG) has been used to study normal ageing and dementia. Few studies have described longitudinal changes in the very old. A cognitive decline has been described in subjects with white-matter lesions and hypertension but the association with hypotension is unclear. Our aim was to study the predictive value of quantified EEG for the development of cognitiv

A 3-year follow-up of stroke patients : Relationships between activities of daily living and personality characteristics

The importance of some personality characteristics for improvement of activities of daily life (ADL) was studied in sixty-six stroke patients, initially admitted to geriatric rehabilitation (n = 37) or the department of medicine (n = 29), 3 years after stroke. Outcome measurements were activities of daily life and motor and mental functions assessed using the Activity Index (AI) by Hamrin and Wohl

Caregiver's burden of patients 3 years after stroke assessed by a novel caregiver burden scale

Objective: To assess burden of caregivers to stroke patients three year after a primary stroke and to test validity and reliability of a novel caregiver burden scale (CB scale). Design: A longitudinal community-based 3- year follow-up study of 35 consecutive primary stroke patients initially admitted to an Acute Medical Unit (mean age 82yr). The validity of the CB scale was studied in 150 patients

The prevalence of anaemia and mineral supplement use in a Swedish middle-aged population. Results from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study

Objective: To describe dietary habits and use of mineral supplements in relation to nutrient recommendations and anaemia. Design: a population-based cohort study. Subjects: 2665 men and 3878 women, born between 1926 and 1945, randomly invited and participating in the prospective 'Malmo Diet and Cancer study' during 1991-1992. Methods: The diet was assessed using a combined 7-day menu book for hot

Inversion-based feedforward actions in a ratio control system

In this paper we propose a new ratio control architecture that exploits the use of inversion-based feedforward actions to achieve a fast set-point step response while keeping the required ratio between two process variables. The recently developed ratio tracking station is then achieved to increase the robustness of the system. A user design parameter allows the selection of the trade-off between

The Malmö food study : The relative validity of a modified diet history method and an extensive food frequency questionnaire for measuring food intake

Objective: To assess the relative validity of two diet assessment methods, an extensive quantitative food frequency questionnaire (method A) and a novel shorter quantitative food frequency questionnaire with a 14 day food record (method B). Design: A randomized prospective cohort study. Setting: General community. Subjects: 206 residents of the town of Malmö, aged between 50-69 years, 101 men and

The Malmö food study : The reproducibility of a novel diet history method and an extensive food frequency questionnaire

Objective: To assess the reproducibility of two diet assessment methods, an extensive quantitative food frequency questionnaire (method A) and a novel shorter quantitative food frequency questionnaire with a 14 day food record (method B). Design: A randomized prospective cohort study. Setting: General community. Subjects: 241 residents of the town of Malmö, aged between 50-69 years, 126 men and 11

Hydrotherapy of patients with intermittent claudication : A novel approach to improve systolic ankle pressure and reduce symptoms

Objective. To study the effects of alternating cold and hot water therapy on walking ability and systolic blood pressure in claudicants. Experimental design. A prospective case study with repeated measurements before and 1, 4 and 12 months after treatment. The systolic blood pressure levels were measured with an occlusion cuff for brachial and ankle and with a strain gauge for the first toe. Study

Quantitative EEG in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls

Multichannel (19) EEG were analyzed in 23 female patients with rather advanced late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compared with 56 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The quantified EEG was correlated with psychometric and clinical variables. The control subjects showed increasing theta activity with age but the EEG changes did not correlate significantly with psychometric features

Precipitating and Predisposing Factors of Acute Confusional State Among Emergency Department Patients

The aim of this study was to examine predisposing and precipitating factors of acute confusional state (ACS) retrospectively in medical records of patents examined in an acute medical unit (AMU) who had a preliminary diagnosis of confusion/anxiety. The study comprised all 221 patients who were 65 years old and older among the 18,015 patients examined in the AMU during 1 year who, after a prelimina

Increased sweat sodium concentration in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Sweat sodium concentration was estimated with pilocarpine iontophoresis in I 15 women with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 29 healthy control women. The age ranged from 76 to 96 years with a mean age of 85 years in both groups. The mean sodium concentration of 91 ± 41 mmol/l (n = 11) in the Alzheimer patients was significantly higher than in the control group (62 ± 29 mmol/l, n=27, p=0.0011). 27% of

A study of regional cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in elderly women with senile dementia of alzheimer’s type

Thirteen women with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) according to NINCDS-ADRDA and 21 age-matched control women, aged 75-96 years, were investigated with clinical examination, dementia rating scales and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a tracer of regional cortical blood flow. The aim was to study whether typical SPE